The Clinton-lewinsky Scandal :: William Jefferson Clinton Essays

Lately, the top story in the news show day after day, months after months have been rough William Jefferson Clinton, in addition known as Bill. Who could blame them, there is nothing better than a story out of the ordinary, especially one with presidential status. For the preceding(a) months he has been the to the highest degree talked about figure, being the essential topic for news, talk shows, late night comedy and even going as farther as the prominent screen. emit about Primary Colors and Wag the Dog. What has gotten to me the close however, were the constant flow of Republicans, a grand with a few Democrats, who just want to say how shocked and embarrassed they ar along with the great trade in of the United States.The president had not just become the most talked about figure, but also one history had ever seen, so far that is, gaolbreak the record and becoming a topic of conversation and debate twenty-four seven. The people, who I think were most affected by this crisis and feel very tragicomic for, are the Republicans, since they had lost severe amount of sleep over the presidents bedroom crisis. They had to perform their republican duties by shocking our brains with the presidents affair with Monica Lewinsky. We had to ignore the rest of the instauration news and its issues while they plough through the valley of lies, abuse of power and something they called high crimes and misdemeanors. At first we listen and listen and listen but at last got bored. not a whole lot of people felt comfortable smelling someone dirty laundry which was aired for a very, very long time. I personally got tired of this never ending story a very long time ago, since I have a great deal of assess for Mr. Clinton. I love the guy and no I am not talking romantically. I love Mr. Clinton as a teacher and most importantly as a role model. There is a story behind how Mr. Clinton earned my respect, which had nothing to do with his cute looks, but rather his charac ter.From what Ive seen, he is a hardworking, dedicated, and caring individual. Most of all, he maintains his personality as an ordinary person just like you and me. His work as a president for the past old age speaks for it self. From what Ive observed, Mr. Clinton is always willing to act on the peoples behalf and addressing the issues that concern them the most.The Clinton-lewinsky Scandal William Jefferson Clinton Essays Lately, the top story in the news day after day, months after months have been about William Jefferson Clinton, also known as Bill. Who could blame them, there is nothing better than a story out of the ordinary, especially one with presidential status. For the past months he has been the most talked about figure, being the essential topic for news, talk shows, late night comedy and even going as far as the big screen. Talk about Primary Colors and Wag the Dog. What has gotten to me the most however, were the constant flow of Republicans, along with a few Demo crats, who just want to say how shocked and embarrassed they are along with the people of the United States.The president had not just become the most talked about figure, but also one history had ever seen, so far that is, breaking the record and becoming a topic of conversation and debate twenty-four seven. The people, who I think were most affected by this crisis and feel very sad for, are the Republicans, since they had lost severe amount of sleep over the presidents bedroom crisis. They had to perform their republican duties by shocking our brains with the presidents affair with Monica Lewinsky. We had to ignore the rest of the world news and its issues while they plough through the valley of lies, abuse of power and something they called high crimes and misdemeanors. At first we listen and listen and listen but eventually got bored. Not a whole lot of people felt comfortable smelling someone dirty laundry which was aired for a very, very long time. I personally got tired of th is never ending story a very long time ago, since I have a great deal of respect for Mr. Clinton. I love the guy and no I am not talking romantically. I love Mr. Clinton as a teacher and most importantly as a role model. There is a story behind how Mr. Clinton earned my respect, which had nothing to do with his cute looks, but rather his character.From what Ive seen, he is a hardworking, dedicated, and caring individual. Most of all, he maintains his personality as an ordinary person just like you and me. His work as a president for the past years speaks for it self. From what Ive observed, Mr. Clinton is always willing to act on the peoples behalf and addressing the issues that concern them the most.

Writers of a New Era :: Internet Technology Computers Papers

Writers of a New Era The internet has quickly woven itself into the fabric of sociey. Many consider it an indispensable part of their lives, allowing them to keep ill-treat with their hectic schedules. The internet has improved the ease in which people base communicate and find breeding. Navigating the web has become second nature to regular users. both(prenominal) find the computer so convenient that they use it to do all of their writing from academic papers to journals. As the computer has aided in the proletariat of writing, the internet has helped many become published writers. Anyone with moderate computer knowledge can create web sites. Personal web sites often have information and pictures that someone would normally only share with close friends, but having it published on the web means anyone can access this information. Sites like online journals and diaries are specifically designed for publishing personal ideas, feelings, or day to day happenin gs. Another increasingly respected writing medium used by students and aspiring journalists, as well as the average persons diary, is blogger. Blogger, according to the web site Blogger Forum (bloggerforum.com), is a site that allows anyone to post a blog, short for webblog. This is a journal that can be continually updated, and viewed by any web user. The writers of blogs are called bloggers. Bloggers tend to write frequently and informally, as in a journal. They besides try to give informative or inspiring entries. The number of bloggers is steadily increasing. Its popularity is attributed to the free, blogging software that is available to everyone, along with the appeal of being able to publish ideas, beliefs, and knowledge. Since anyone can publish on the web using blogger, the definition of a writer has dramatically changed. Before the web, a writer was viewed as someone who had their work published. Writers were besides viewed with respect since getting a piece of writing published was highly competitive. Those who achieved it had to have a special quality in their writing. Now the use of the terminal writer is thought of more loosely, since anyone can be a published writer.

Custom Essay - Racial Prejudice and Anti-Semitism in The Merchant of Venice :: Merchant of Venice Essays

Racial Prejudice and Anti-Semitism in The Merchant of Venice William Shakespe ares comedy, The Merchant of Venice, uses satire to present Shakespeares views on racial prejudice and anti-Semitism. The premise deals with the antagonistic family relationship between usurer, a Jewish moneylender and Antonio, the Christian merchant, who is as generous as usurer is greedy. This essay will examine how the themes of racial prejudice, and anti-Semitism are presented in The Merchant of Venice. Shylock is stereotypically described as costumed in a recognizably Jewish way in a long fit out of gabardine, probably black, with a red beard and/or wing like that of Judas, and a hooked putty nose or bottle nose (Charney, p. 41). Shylock is a defensive character because society is constantly reminding him he is different in religion, looks, and motivation. He finds solace in the law because he, himself, is an outcast of society. Shylock is an noncitizen who is not privy to the rights accorded to the citizens of Venice. The Venetians regard Shylock as a capitalist motivated solely by greed, while they saw themselves as Christian paragons of piety. When Shylock considers taking Antonios bond using his ships as collateral, his bitterness is evident when he quips, But ships are but board, sailors but men. There be land rats and urine rats, water thieves and land thieves -- I mean pirates -- and then there is the peril of waters, winds, and rocks (I.iii.25). Shylock believes the Venetians are hypocrites because of their slave ownership. The Venetians justify their practice of slavery by verbalize simply, The slaves are ours (IV.i.98-100). During the trial sequence, Shylock persuasively argues, You have among you many a purchased slave, which (like your asses and your dogs and mules). You us in abject and in slavish parts, because you bought them, shall I say to you, let them be free, marry them to your heirs... you will answer, The slaves are ours, -- so do I answer you T he pound of flesh (which I demand of him) is dearly bought, tis mine and I will have it (IV.i.90-100). Shakespeares depiction of the Venetians is paradoxical. They are, too, a capitalist people and readily accept his money, however, shun him personally. Like American society, 16th century Venice sought to change integrity their commercial reputation through integration, but at the same time, practiced social exclusion.

Teenage Stress Essay -- essays research papers

Stress is the way the body reacts. It is an unavoidable consequence of life. teenage filter is a big issue in todays society. Recent studies have shown that teens may develop more sieve then adults. Few adults can remember the truth about adolescence. Their minds censor their memories, and have them believe that being a teenager was was one big party, free of cares and responsibilities( ). There arent that many adults around who derive what adolescence was really like. The anguish, the fear, the anxiety, the stress. People dont remember those problems because they want to forget them. Stress is a significant problem for teens. There are many factors that lead into teen stress, much(prenominal) as school, drugs, peer pressure and relationships. Few people can remember the truth about adolescence. Their minds censor their memories, and have them believe that being a teenager was was one big party, free of cares and responsibilities. There arent that many adults around wh o realise what adolescence was really like. The anguish, the fear, the anxiety, the stress. People dont remember those problems because they want to forget them. Stress is a chemical reaction to external and internal pressure. It is a normal function that helps people in their daily lives ( ). Without some level of stress, individuals wouldnt have the motivation to meet deadlines or neck projects ( ). However normal stress can pass a burden over a long period of time and this leads to chronic stress. Chronic stress is what people are referring to when they say that they are stressed out ( ). Stress can become even more overwhelming if chronic stress goes into overload, this is what is know as distress ( ... ...tes a with the way people deal with, things like smoking and drinking are some of the worse ways of dealing with stress( ). These are some of the most common ways to deal with stress. Teens classic statements are I?m stressed I need a poove( ). They go out and drink there sorrows away. Theyre better ways to deal with things. You can easily go work out( ). Teens say that it could help too.Another broad source of pressure is yourself. Teens try their hardest to be accepted among a certain group or circle. Whereas most of the time they are rejected and then become depressed. All of these aspects can cause teenagers to feel like their in way over their heads. There are many facors that lead into teen sress, such as school, drugs, peer pressure and relationships. But there are many ways of dealing with teenage stress.

What Drives Someone to Complete the Devastating Acts of Terrorism? Essa

Since the darkest day, September 11, 2001, the citizens of The United States of America are on alert and are weary of acts of terrorism. One can turn on the television and can easily find an act of terrorism. Most recent acts are the Boston bombings or the bombings in Volgograd, and most recently the two bombings in Sochi. What drives some one and only(a) to complete the devastating acts of terrorism? How can on predict, based off of antisocial behaviors, who is to a greater extent likely to become a terrorist? Regardless of ethnicity, nationality, or racial background, experts agree terrorists share one common link their childhood. One tends to be more nonimmune to becoming a terrorist because of a traumatic outlet in their childhood to cause antisocial behavior. In fact one traumatic event, whether real or imagined, during childhood increases the likelihood of a person exhibiting anti-social behavior.Terrorist typically have a path they follow which leads them to a life of viole nce and antisocial behavior. According to a New York Times article on the terrorist mind, terrorist have extremist beliefs, which begins early in life a strong sense of victimization and alienation (Kershaw). Sarah Kershaw believes, a terrorist fears becoming alienated from society therefore to prevent this alienation, they draw attention to themselves through acts of terrorism. However, a major trigger that pushes a person beyond the geological fault point of a normal person to a terrorist is their own individual past. One can define a normal person as one who goes with the flow of society and does not act out in violence to voice their opinion. Rex Hudson also believes, Terrorists are generally people who feel alienated The event in the persons past could range from a num... ...ons. American Psychological Association. N.p., Nov. 2009. Web. 20 Dec. 2013.DeAngelis, Tori. Understanding terrorist act. American Psychological Association. N.p., Nov. 2009. Web. 19 Dec. 2013.Hudson, R ex A. The Sociology and Psychology of Terrorism Who Becomes a Terrorist and Why? Washington, D.C. The Library of Congress, Sept. 1999. PDF.Kershaw, Sarah. The Terrorist Mind An Update. Nytimes.com. The New York Times, 9 Jan. 2010. Web. 18 Dec. 2013.Narcissistic. Dictionary.com. Random House, 2013. Web. 09 Jan. 2014.Osama Bin Laden Fast Facts. CNN.com. Cable News Network, 24 Dec. 2013. Web. 09 Jan. 2014.Rosenberg, Jennifer. Adolf Hitler. twentieth Century HIstory. About.com, n.d. Web. 09 Jan. 2014.Speaking of Psychology Getting into a Terrorists Mind. American Psychological Association, n.d. American Psychological Association. Web. 28 Dec. 2013.

What Drives Someone to Complete the Devastating Acts of Terrorism? Essa

Since the darkest day, September 11, 2001, the citizens of The United States of America are on alert and are weary of acts of terrorism. One muckle turn on the television and can easily find an act of terrorism. Most recent acts are the Boston bombings or the bombings in Volgograd, and most recently the two bombings in Sochi. What drives someone to exhaust the devastating acts of terrorism? How can on predict, based off of antisocial behaviors, who is more likely to become a terrorist? Regardless of ethnicity, nationality, or racial background, experts run terrorists share one common link their puerility. One tends to be more susceptible to becoming a terrorist because of a traumatic event in their childhood to cause antisocial behavior. In fact one traumatic event, whether real or imagined, during childhood increases the likelihood of a person exhibiting anti-social behavior.Terrorist typically have a path they follow which leads them to a life of forcefulness and antisocial be havior. According to a New York Times article on the terrorist mind, terrorist have extremist beliefs, which begins primal in life a strong sense of victimization and alienation (Kershaw). Sarah Kershaw believes, a terrorist fears becoming alienated from society therefore to prevent this alienation, they draw worry to themselves through acts of terrorism. However, a major trigger that pushes a person beyond the breaking point of a normal person to a terrorist is their own individual past. One can define a normal person as one who goes with the flow of society and does not act out in violence to voice their opinion. Rex Hudson also believes, Terrorists are generally people who feel alienated The event in the persons past could range from a num... ...ons. American mental Association. N.p., Nov. 2009. Web. 20 Dec. 2013.DeAngelis, Tori. Understanding Terrorism. American Psychological Association. N.p., Nov. 2009. Web. 19 Dec. 2013.Hudson, Rex A. The Sociology and Psychology of Terr orism Who Becomes a Terrorist and Why? Washington, D.C. The Library of Congress, Sept. 1999. PDF.Kershaw, Sarah. The Terrorist Mind An Update. Nytimes.com. The New York Times, 9 Jan. 2010. Web. 18 Dec. 2013.Narcissistic. Dictionary.com. Random House, 2013. Web. 09 Jan. 2014.Osama Bin Laden Fast Facts. CNN.com. Cable News Network, 24 Dec. 2013. Web. 09 Jan. 2014.Rosenberg, Jennifer. Adolf Hitler. 20th Century HIstory. About.com, n.d. Web. 09 Jan. 2014.Speaking of Psychology Getting into a Terrorists Mind. American Psychological Association, n.d. American Psychological Association. Web. 28 Dec. 2013.

Hitlers Rise to Power

A Comparative Essay on Historical Schools The Annales and redness Historiography Historical Interpretation, as a term, is a skill that historians acquire to describe human events. As historians gather information regarding the past and analyze the artifacts, they be go forth with the task to explain their findings to the masses. For many years, profound members of gild were used as primary sources for historical events. But as the world turned, historians began to question the grounds of which these facts stood. How are the rulers and priest to be the only true source of widespread events?Such questions gave birth to trains of historical interpretation. These schools became well- known on their scrutiny of historical facts to the point where record became a specialized field with various focal points, such as linguistics, agriculture, cliometrics, culture, and many more. This essay will compare the analytical styles of the Annales and the Marxists historians. Although these sc hools recognize the superstructure of socioeconomic relationships, they agree different approaches and motivations for their historical analyses which has changed the way biography is studied.The Annales School is a group of historians who innovated historical research. They focused on properly documenting cut level prior to the French Revolution. Prior to their research, french archives was dominated by Marxism and was made up mostly from the vantage point of the leaders and other well known figures. The Annales modishly opposed Marxism due to its tendency to discredit the natural causes and several(prenominal)ism that also play a major part in history. However, the Annales countered Marxisms monopolizing ways by presenting their soci all(prenominal)y scientific approach.The Annales was founded by ii Strasburg professors, who taught history and it was through their connection that they were able to become a school of historical interpretation. Co-founders, Lucien Febvre an d Marc Bloch developed a pedantic journal that incorporated their approach and was published in 1929. This groundbreaking article was titled Annales dHistoire Economique et loving which was subtle in its initial push for change in historical documentation. As they began this journey as the Annales, they opted for historians to examine the state of France as it is and then deduce history rather than judge the present based on the past.Although there works are one in the same, they had different approaches that worked well together. Bloch contributed an agrarian and comparative perspective, while Febvres contribution was geared more toward combining history and the social sciences. In the Annales School An Intellectual History, Andre Burguiere states the act of placing the present in perspective by setting it against what the past can teach us does not lead to skepticism but to a spirit of tolerance and responsibility. This tells us that the Annales felt as though history should b e judged not by the great men alone but by the masses.And the only way to get history outside of the proverbial box is to take into consideration the ideals of all men and evaluate them along with economic and material withholding of their country. In order to fully capture an unbiased survey of history Febvre and Bloch pushed for an intercontinental journal. This would forfeit them to expand their practices not only by incorporating other disciplines but also understanding these events from a broader perspective. Besides their interdisciplinary approach, they also wanted to transform history into a social science.For them, this would prove to be more practical and would be made up of checkable facts and resources. By turning history into a social science, bodied beliefs and customs would be taken into consideration. With these approaches, Bloch and Febvre makes up the first generation of the Annales School of Historical Interpretation but their works are still being used, updated , and commensurate in current historical interpretation. Marxist historiography takes a different approach to understanding history. Spawned from Marxisms class scale, Marxists historical interpretation is limited, as it works backwards from the outcome to the event.However, this form of historical interpretation is recognized for its middle and lower class historical perspective. Karl Marx is well-known for his strong support for Communism. He professed that society goes through a cycle from anarchy to socialism, with capitalism and communism being on opposite ends of the spectrum. This approach led him to analyze and judge history on these characteristics. In Marxist historiography, all historical event was a result of the socioeconomic status in which the event took place.Marxist historians are sometime guilty of the Marxist title that they have due to Marxs position on what we call the free world. However, Marxist historians do not hang on every idea of Marxism. A Marxist his torian analyzes history with the understanding that historical events are occurrences that are determined by the working class level of payoff and the type of government in place at the time of the occurrence. In Marxist historiography, historians pay close attention to historical materialism, class struggle, government, and production.These are the viewpoints that rack up up this type of historical interpretation. The historiography of Marxism many times exclude political factors because it lacks the substantial and tangible evidence that other forms of historical interpretation embrace. Karl Marx both embraced and opposed the ideas of GWF Hegel, a German philosopher, who was well known for his conflict and contradictions theories. Yet, it was because of Hegels philosophy that Marxism thrives. Through Marxist historiography, historical events are at the mercy of a superstructure that has a predetermined path.The work of Karl Marx and the Annales are still in practice today. Both schools of historical interpretation emphasize the social and economic impact on society as being the source for historical events. They examine the framework of society and compare the circumstances of many events to verify their theories and downplay prior trust in political narratives. As Stuart Clark states, in The Annales School Critical Assessments, At the centre of these issues and at the point of convergence of the Annales school and Marxist history is the theme of power. He concluded that their two distinct methods explain the plight of human events without discussing power and because of this missing link, the two schools will have more differences than similarities. Power is a prevalent idea of both schools, however, they do not point out this fact. As there studies show, shifts of power is the driving force behind all historical events. The foundations of the perspectives of these two schools are astonishingly similar, but their differences lie in the details of their w ork.The Annales eventually introduced their three tiered paradigm which was structure at the base, conjecture in the concern and the event at the top. This this was then divided again by geography, social, and the individual. (Hunt ,1986) In their use of this paradigm, they set themselves apart from Marxism because they incorporated geography and the individual in their studies, which was unique. winning into consideration , the individual gives a personal take on the superstructure because from this vantage point the big picture can not be seen.The Annales understood that the individual has personal motivations that are not apart of the collective opinion and that the structure affects each person differently. The evidence that the Annales consider when interpreting history is more detailed than the practices of Marxist historians. Marxist historians emphasize the super and sub-structures of society and remain focused on the outcome rather than the events. Marx stated in the Com munist Manifesto that the history of all past societies has been the history of all class struggles. This sentence sums up the motivation behind Marxist historiography.Marx wanted inform the world that details did not matter as much as the inevitable social cycle. In The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (1852), Marx states that history repeats itself, first as a tragedy and second, as a farce. The Marxist historian upholds this statement to be a slogan for their studies. As they uncover new ideas regarding the system, they are able to interpret historical events from the outside in. Schools of historical interpretations have the duty of setting their methods apart from others and coming up with different ways to analyze history.Although each event has its facts, each school interpret the findings in interesting ways. The Annales began their journey trying to combat the Marxist historical methods and they prevailed in the way they were able to contribute to history what Marxi st historiography could not cover. With each of their motivations deriving from the fallacies of political narratives, these schools have transformed historical documentation from a series of both unfortunate and fortunate events to a narrative of social and economic situations that inevitably force certain outcomes. Bibliography . Burguiere, Andre. The Annales School An Intellectual History, trans. Jane Marie Todd, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 2009 cloth pp. 328 2. Long, Pamela. Annales dhistoire economique et sociale 7 (November 1935), Les techniques, Ihistoire et la vie Technology and CultureVol. 46, No. 1 (Jan. , 2005), pp. 177-186 Published by Society for the History of Technology Article Stable URLhttp//www. jstor. org/stable/40060803 3. Hunt, Lynn. French History in the Last Twenty Years The Rise and fire up of the Annales Paradigm. Journal of Contemporary History. Vol. 21, No. , Twentieth Anniversary Issue (Apr. , 1986), pp. 209-224Published by Sage Publications, Ltd. retrieved from http//www. jstor. org/stable/260364 4. Marx, K. , and F. Engels. The Communist Manifesto. New York, NY Signet Classics, 1998. Print 5. The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. Karl Marx 1852 Course Textbooks 1. Tosh, John. The following of History. 5th. Harlow Pearson Education Limited, 2010. 2. Green, Anna, and Kathleen Troup. The Houses of History A Critical Reader in Twenthieth-century History and Theory. Washington Square, New York New York University Press, 1999.

Holes by Louis Sacher

Holes by Louis Sacher Theme Fate does play an important role in the lives of umteen of the characters in the novel Holes. Stanleys great-great-grandfather was cursed with gloomy luck by Madame nixni because he did not carry her up the mountain as he had promised. The bad luck haunts his relatives for over a ascorbic acid days, until the day Stanley Yelnats the third fourth fulfils the promise of his great-great-grandfather by carrying Madame Zeronis great-grandson up a mountain and sing him Madame Zeronis lullaby. From this point the Yelnats familys luck turns.Stanley Yelnats great-grandfather was robbed by Kate Barlow and left stranded in the desert. He had survived alone for seventeen days before he was rescued by some hunters. He claimed to have found rescue in gods tumb. So when Stanley and Zero be stranded in the exact same desert over a hundred years later and spot a mountain with the contour of a thumb, Stanley decides to follow his great-grandfathers voice and climb th e mountain. On this mountain they recoup onions and water which gives them qualification to survive and continue their adventure.On their adventure, Stanley and Zero develop a solid friendship. They face a lot of challenges which makes them bond even stronger. A good example is when Stanley carries Zeros just about lifeless body up the high, steep mountain. Stanley steals a car just to help his friend Stanley, and Zero retrieves in to a fight yet to defend Stanley. Good Conflict Zero fudged from campsite spurt Lake after he had hit Mr. Pendanski in the head with his shovel. Knowing that Zero is walking around in the desert without any food or water leaves Stanley feeling guilty and worried about him.This makes him steal a car and escape from camp, just to help his friend. Fine. Conflicts between characters Catherine Barlow and Trout Walker Catherine is the first woman to turn Trout down and give him a no. This upsets Trout, and he burns Catherines school down and kills her boyfriend. Mr. Sir And Stanley Stanley is accused of stealing Mr. Sirs sunflower seeds and is taken to the Warden by Mr. Sir. The Warden gets upset about Mr. Sir wasting her time with trifles and slap him his face with her poisonous nails. Mr.Sirs face get ill-favored swellings and he lets his anger and embarrassment out on Stanley. Zero an Mr. Pendanski Mr. Pendanski is constantly mocking at Zero about how stupid and incompetent he is. Zero finally gets enough and hits Mr. Pendanski in the head with his shovel. Fine Setting kibibyte Lake was once the largest lake in the whole of Texas. It was a bright and lush place surround by peach trees and fertile mountains. When Sam got killed the whole town of fleeceable Lake was somehow punished, not one single drop of water has fallen on Green Lake since that fateful day.The argona is now all hot and dried up and there are no longer any rest of the spirt and sunny paradise it used to be. face pack Green Lake is now just a dry wastel and without any signs of vegetation, shade or water. Be military position the boys, the only residents are scorpions, rattlesnakes and some deadly yellow-spotted lizards. When Stanley and Zero leave Camp Green Lake the sky turns dark and the first drop of rain for over a hundred years falls into the empty lake. Water being reunited with the lake is probably an indication on that vegetation and wildlife slowly will return to the area.We are in addition told that Camp Green Lake will become a Girl Scout camp in a few years. This tells us that the camp probably will be upgraded and get a friendlier look. It is also unlikely that a Girl Scout camp would find place in a desert, so this again suggests that Green Lake is reversive green again. Good Characterization When Stanley arrives Camp he is an unhappy, overweight kid without any friends, being bullied by classmates and teachers. He appears to be secluded and feels uncomfortable in social situations and he is often sick with general ly bad health.After just a weeks stay at camp, Stanley starts to lose weight and gain muscle. He gets a little more confident as he feels more accepted and he is given the nickname Caveman by the other boys. Stanleys earn home Stanley writes a lot of letters home to his mum which gives us an impression of him being a kind and caring boy. In the letters he twists the truth with the intention of sparing his mum. This underlines his character even more. A few months later Stanley has gotten even stronger. He is a faster digger with muscles and duncish skin.His low self esteem seems to be as good as gone. When Zero ask him to teach him how to read, Stanley has no problem turning him down. It is like he has lost much of his sympathy. By the time he leaves camp, Stanley has changed a lot, both physically and psychically He is more self-aware and has developed the emphatic side of himself. He is the same good guy as before just braver and happier. Good Zero Zero is first presented as a s ilent and irrelevant character who shrinks from answering questions and talking. As we follow Zero through the book, we get to know him as an honest and generous boy.He is homeless and sent to Camp Green Lake because he had stolen some shoes. He is a smart kid, however he has some trouble expressing himself since he neither can read nor write. Stanley helps him with his phrase problems and they develop a friendship and Zero really opens up through the book. Good The adults at Camp Green Lake Mr. Sir Mr. Sir is one of the counsellors at Camp Green Lake. He is emphatic and tough and seems to enjoy being cruel to the campers. As result of his attempt to quit smoking, he is constantly chewing sunflower seeds. Mr. Pendanski Mr.Pendanskis in charge of Stanleys tent at Camp Green Lake, Tent D. He seems to be a friendly and quite stupid man, however he reveals the incriminate side of him- self when he suggests shooting the boys at the end of the book. (He is also nasty to Zero throughout . ) The Warden The warden is the commander in chief at Camp Green Lake. She is threatening and feared among both the campers and the other adults at camp. She claims that the boys are digging to build character, however she is really looking for Kate Barlows treasure. Good Parallels between the stories PeachesKate Barlow was famous for her spiced peaches, (Stanley and) Zero finds remains of these peaches out in the desert a hundred years later, calls them Sploosh and survives on them. The cure against bad foot odour, invented by Stanleys father has the smell of peaches and is named Sploosh. Onions Sam was an onion-seller, and he spoke well about the many healing qualities of onions. Sams onion field was located on the exact same spot as Stanley and Zero find their onion supplies. The onions make Stanley and Zero regain their health and. avoid bites from the deadly yellow-spotted lizards..Yellow- spotted lizards Yellow-spotted lizards are deadly lizards living in the empty holes at C amp Green Lake. Each lizard has exactly eleven yellow spots on their back, and it is said that if you are close enough to count them you are as good as dead. It was a yellow-spotted lizard that killed Kate Barlow and it is yellow-spotted lizards that almost kills Stanley and Zero while they are digging up Kates treasure. Mary Lou Mary Lou was Sams donkey. Sam claimed her to be almost fifty years old, and explained it by her eating nothing however raw onions. She got shot in the head and died the same day as Sam.There is also the boat. Fine The role of the song The first song deals with the fact that life is hard and a wish of an easier life. The second song is replying that life will neer be easy and you will have to face your troubles and be proud of yourself. This song fits the Yelnats family, since they are a family with bad luck wishing life was easier. OK, but how does this change in the song reflect the changes in the story? Title I believe the novel is called holes simply b ecause the campers have to dig holes and there are also holes in the novel which need to be filled.You could give some examples of these. There are also holes in the lives of Stanley and Zero. For example, the one left by Zeros arrest when she disappeared. Good. You have answered the various parts of the assignment well and have shown insight and a very good understanding of the novel. You could perhaps have written a little more in some of your answers. Language mistakes (there are a few too many of these) are colour coded as follows yellow recite blue verbs green language (for example, word choice, prepositions, punctuation and so on)

Parallels similarities between the experiences of womenmen in Gileadean and US society Essay

I would like to concur with Atwood that the Gilead society only come through in the land of Gilead alone, and such attributes are not witnessed in the basic American societies even though this concurrence is limited. I will begin by citing Atwood opinion. Firstly, the Gilead society transferred women wealth to their husbands or relatives. Thus, a woman was seen as a property and could not be allowed to own property since she was a property. This is not the moorage with modern-day US society where women can make significant macroeconomic decisions American women are leaders of large businesses, match large investments and even guide elective posts. I will, therefore, compare the identity issue to makes sure that you understand the differences between American societies and Gilead societies.Unlike in the American society, in the Gileadian society women were highly segregated from one another. For a woman to befriend a fellow woman that relationship was to be made public. As such, their husbands took women as properties. Thus, they expected women to reflect them on what selections they would want to make in life. According to Atwood, Gileadian woman would wear uniforms coded to their functions. However, American women have independent decisions. They choose who and who not to relate with.Besides, Audience, Atwood believes that Gilead women were barren, and they would help their husbands during insemination commonly known as ceremony. The women were only in charge of the household discipline, however, their freedoms since way the feel week they were left to die with no care at all. As well, the women were expected to provide subsequent child catering as quotedThey would tell Bible stories for children and sing hymns. One of the women was called Serena Joy..was expected to laugh and cryin order to teach the children (16)Rather complex, the women of Gilead, who are seen handling complex administrative jobs, for instance, becoming police officers, are still g iveed properties of men they are working with. As such, the women become rigid, middle-aged who have internalized patriarchal values. In fact, Gilead women are dogmatized to live in a society that does not seem to care roughly their objectives. Similarly, women of Gilead ensure re-education centers however, they are not mandated to carry out critical decisions concerning education. However, this is not the case their American counterparts. American counterparts contribute positively towards the development of the society. Their decisions are independent.Similarly, the creation and demise of property rights fundamentally presents legal challenges affecting the women of Gilead. Men, control the Gilead government. Gilead state captures wayward and loose women who can bear birth to the incoming generations however, they fail to recognize the spring and legitimacy of the new regime. Thus, their property is their self and freedoms and as illustrated earlier, the access to money. As a result, women become the property of their husbands if they have one or the state that has their delicacy can dispatch them wherever they see them. In this case, males are in power to claim property rights in women who have been foiled. However, in America, women are not treated as fugitives in fact, they present an equal 50/50 power distribution and resources are shared evenly.Ironically, the Gilead regime pretends to respect the feminist ism in its treatment of women and the paints a picture of an utopian future that female society turnaround to become the sorority and prevent from being hurt. However, the patriarchy principles in Gilead fondle the paradox of protection in the imprisonment, where women face significant prejudices in the type of decisions that they make. This is not the case with the present American society. Joining Atwood, I prefer aunty Lydia reflection on what freedom-to-freedom means. Ironically, the swayer justifies the Gilead by claiming that women are relevant if they fulfill their biological duties. Literary the commander had married so many women, and had one observation as Atwood is quoted sayingAt one, level was an almost a caricature of the banality of kitchen talk that could be a scene from a Pinter commenderBut in the terror-filled austerity of the commander house, it is seductively comforting.note the word seduction. (10)Such a doctrine is rapid, and it indicates how women are cyphered as a property of the Gilead men communities. American women consider giving birth as a service to the society and not necessary as a reward for a better life. Besides, American women consider giving birth as a way of giving back to the society positively.Equally, audience please be advised that the fascist Republic of Gilead, which differs the contemporary United States society assigns every woman to different classes of women without their will to protest. The classes are as a follows wives, belong to the married men who have a lord mili tary rank. These women, despite their will, are treated fairly better than other counterparts are in the society. Secondly, the Gilead society assigns a second class of women, handmaid, econowives or Martha the mapping of reproduction and matrimony. These women, despite their will, are engaged into hard jobs serving the rich in one way, or another. The group is forcefully married to a lower rank military regime that does not have enough status to obtain a handmaid or aunts function. Even though ironically, Handmaids surrogate for the infertile heterosexuals, as well as, serving as women housekeepers and cooking nannies. To achieve that, the Gilead initiates a dogmatizing religious program, one that ordains the reproduction where multiple doctrines are enacted to affirm the system of favorable rituals. Members, such as absurd society does not exist in America. On the contrary, in America, women are empowered to make decisions concerning the sexuality. As quoted sayingThe build arr anges itself differently. I am a cloud congealed around a central object, the shape of a pear (Chapter 13, 43)However, the social complexity of the US, American women control their sexuality and as well, control how they would prefer bringing forth their off springs.Similarly, since Gilead is actively involved in patriarch driven conflicts, most members are all infertile or sterile, it is arguable that men through the subsequent political battles have made their property. As such, subsequent political battles have increased hepatotoxic wastes and nuclear fallout, where toxic waste colonies are increased. To hide the truth behind such rituals, the Gilead societies have invoked a biblical ritual called The Ceremony. However, arrogantly, how they conduct their sexual activities is unbecoming. The command penetrates the handmaid exposed sex in an attempt to impregnate a woman. The commander is quoted to have saidIm not talking about sex he says. That was part of it the sex was too eas y. . . You know what they were complaining about the most (Chapter, 32)This is unbecoming since the woman has been lured to sex. Any sound child innate(p) by the handmaid is handled over to the wife of the commander as if the child belonged to the commanders wife. Such a social setting is very abstracted and prompts the question on the role of women in the society. To answer that, American women make independent decisions on how when and where, they want to give birth. American women also make the choice to have sex, when, where and with whom.Nonetheless, despite the complex differences between the Gilead society and the American society, we still notice some similarities. While it is evident that the Gilead society obligates women roles as predominantly domestic, the US society seems to emulate that by assigning women the task of raising children while men are technically exempted from that.Additionally, members you will agree with me that the congress, which happens to be active C hristian right is looking for traditional family values. Even though we acknowledge that radical pieces of the Gilead system have not found a way into the American system, it is far-famed that domestic institutions have secret doctrine women in the Gilead society. A common doctrine is the domestic chore, where the common American woman is made to believe that in order to make a perfect partner, one has to wash the dirt, prepare food, and even entertain a commander called the husband. Men experiences, therefore, are not radical, or in any case equal as those affecting women. It is also disheartening to note that efforts by feminine movements are currently being considered over-the-hill or extremists and are not attracting subsequent influence as they were expected two decades. Efforts to benefit and strengthen the woman counterpart peel away the layers the practise once again set to maintain the dominant-subordinate relationship.ReferenceAtwood, Margaret. The Handmaids Tale. Londo n Vintage Classic, 2010. Print.Source document

Compare the differences between a Sole Trader, a Partnership and a Limited Company Essay

IntroductionIn the beguile essay, I provide compargon the differences between a Sole Trader, a alliance and a Limited Comp all when preparing last-place answer fors also included in the essay leave be the suppositions and conventions consumptiond when preparing closing postings. I shall also discoverline the regulatory standards inwardly the be Profession. I shall pop up by giving an explanation of how the descent relationship agreement functions.How does the invoice system work?Business keep financial records for a number of practical reasons, which ar To quantify such items as gross gross gross revenue, spendings and winningss To present these figures in a meaningful way so the crinkle tin tidy sum judge its supremacy over the past yearBelow is a diagram of the Accounting system (all things below allow for be explained later in the assignment)Diagram taken from Business Accounting Second Edition by David Cox.Prime DocumentsBusiness proceedings generate documents, these documents go into the primary compositioning records and from these records argon placed throughout the explanation system. The hobby be prime documents Invoice when a pipeline purchases goods the keep familiarity or individual the goods where purchased from s determinations the occupation an invoice which outlines the number that is owing, when this heart and soul is to be gainful by and details of the goods or services that imbibe been provided. This is also the kindred case when the concern owns an coif for a good or service. Credit Note if a buyer issues a good that has been bought on ascribe, a assign none pass on be generated and sent to the buyer, the mensurate of the credit non will be deducted from the buyers amount owing. On the credit note it outlines the money amount and the goods or services that apply been given. Banking Transactions condescensiones use their bank scotchs to pay in and withdraw money at regular intervals, from these bank transactions paying-in slips, cheques and BACS argon frequently apply. These argon indeed entered into the primary bill records.Primary Accounting RecordsThe primary accounting records ar used to log the prime documents from twenty-four hour period to day. The being are primary accounting records Sales day book this is a identify of sales made and is enter from the invoices issued Purchases day book this is a list of purchases made and is recorded from the invoices that have been received Sales returns day book this is a list of the goods that have be returned and is recorded from the credit notes that have been issued Purchases returns day book this is a list of the goods that have been returned and is recorded from the credit notes that have been received Cash book this is a record of the business bank account and the amount of silver that is held, this is recorded from receipts, paying-in slips, cheques and BACS documents Petty cash book this is a record of the small cash purchases that have been made by the business and is finish from the petty cash voucher. Small cash purchases being ones that are made with motes and coins Journal this is a record of non-regular transactions, which are not recorded in any other primary accounting recordDouble-Entry Accounts The LedgerThe foundation of the double-entry book-keeping system is the recording of the al-Qurans which are broken down into reveal accounts.Double-entry book-keepingThe double-entry book-keeping system involves the entry of a transaction twice. If operating a manual accounting system the book-keeper will be required to input the transaction twice whereas if the book-keeper is using a computer software package the package will automatically enter the transaction twice.AccountsThe computer addresss that are entered into the ledgers are taken from the primary accounting records. Each primary accounting record will be entered into its corresponding ledger.Division of the ledgerThe followers list parades the different types of ledgers Sales ledger this is where the somebodyal accounts of the debtors are placed Purchases ledger this is where the personal accounts of the creditors are placed Cash books the cash book is the record of the bank account and the cash account, the petty cash book is for small cash purchases. Both these books are primary accounting records. General ( nominated) ledger this is a record of all transactions and completes the double-entry systemTrial BalanceThe exertion relaxation is a method used within the Double-Entry book-keeping system to check for any error that may have occurred. The trial relaxation takes all the concluding sense of balances from the ledgers and lists them down. If the credit and debt sides dont match at the end, thither has been an error within the entering of the transactions. The trial balance is also used as a source of information when the final accounts are being prepared.Final Ac countsThe final accounts of a business are made up of the profit disputation and the balance sheet. gain ground StatementThe profit statement includes the trading and profit and press release account, if the business manu itemurers goods it too will be included. What this statement does is calculates the profit that was made and is now out-of-pocket to the possessors of the business after certain deductions have been made from the in get laid The manufacturing account which shows the toll of producing a quantity of a finished good The trading and profit and redness account which shows the profit/ exhalation after the deduction of the toll of goods this gives you the gross profit then the expenses are deducted which gives the net profitThe figures that are used for these calculations are taken form the double-entry system.Balance SheetThe double-entry system also contains the figures for the following Assets these are items that the business owns, they fall into two categorie s fit(p) assets these are items that were bought for the business use such as buildings, vehicles etcCurrent assets these are items used in the e very(prenominal)day running of the business such as melody, debtors etc Liabilities these are things that the business owes and there are two types of liabilitiesCurrent liabilities things like creditors etcLong-term liabilities things like long-term loans Capital this is money or assets that have been introduced by the owner(s) of the business and is a liability to the business because it owes it to the ownerNote all examples of final accounts for each type of business are shown at the end of the essay also shown is a trial balanceThe Final Accounts for a Sole TraderThe sole trader accounts are the basis of all accountsLegal requirements of a Sole TraderBy police force a sole trader is not required to keep accounts and thus is not legally required to publish their accounts for viewing by the General Public, tho they moldiness ke ep all VAT receipts so that the In cut down Revenue mint take their taxation from the business and the situation regarding VAT stand be sorted.Final Accounts and the Trial BalanceThe final accounts of a lodge are produced annually, but can also be produced at anytime in order to inform carry onholders and stakeholders of how the business is performing.When starting to prepare any final accounts the trial balance must be prepared by the book-keeper. All the figures that have been entered onto the trial balance will be used in the final accounts. The trading, profit and loss accounts are a crack of the double-entry system, meaning that the records that are within these accounts have to be recorded somewhere else for the double-entry system to work. However the balance sheet is not an account it is simply a statement, which outlines the account balances reaming after the trading, profit and loss accounts have been completed.Trading AccountThe purpose of a trading business is to b y a good at one price and sell it on for a profit. The profit that is gained is know as the gross profit. Instead of the gross profit being calculated on each item, the sales and purchases that have been recorded in the primary accounting records will be calculated together. This also includes things like purchase returns and sales returns.When the end of the financial year comes around, the trading account is drawn up this includes The total sales Minus purchases Plus purchase returns Minus sales returns Also included is the opening stock and the closing stockNotes on trading account Sales and purchases these are only the items that the business trades Adjustments these are the adjustments that have happened in relation to the stock, the opening stock, which is calculated at the start of the year, this is added to the purchases because it has been sold during the year. The closing stock on the other hand will be deducted form the purchases because it has still yet to be sold. The closing stock will then work the opening stock for the bordering financial year Cost of sales this is the cost to the business of the goods that have been sold. To calculate the cost of sales you do the following* Opening stock* + Purchases* + Carriage in* Purchases returns* Closing stock* = Cost of sales Gross profit to calculate gross profit you do as follows* Sales* Sales returns* = Net sales* Cost of goods sold* = Gross profitIf the cost of sales is more than the net sales then the business has made a Gross Loss Carriage in is the expense that the business incurs callable to having the purchases delivered. The carriage in is added to the purchases Net sales the net sales is the turnover and is calculated by doing the following* Sales* Sales returns* = Net sales Net purchases to calculate the net purchases you do the following* Purchases* + Carriage in* Purchases returns* = Net purchasesProfit and Loss AccountIn the profit and loss account the running expenses of t he association are listed these are then taken away from the gross profit to give the net profit. The net profit then shows how profitable the business has been that particular year.Balance SheetA balance sheet is used to show the financial state of the business at any one time. It lists the assets and liabilities of the business at a particular time. The balance sheet however is not a part of the double-entry system.Notes on balance sheet Assets an asset is an item or an amount that is owned by the business. on that point two types of assets indomitable and incumbent. Fixed assets are somatic assets such as premises or vehicles. Current assets are short-term assets, which change in hold dear every day. Liabilities a liability is an item or amount owned by the business. in that location are tow types of liabilities present-day(prenominal) and long-term. Current liabilities are ones that are due to be repaid within 12 months or less. A long-term liability is a something lik e a loan that can be paid later than 12 months. Capital and working neat detonator is money that is owed to the owner by the business. Working big(p) is the capital left after the current liabilities have been subtracted from the current assets. If the business does not have any working capital the business will not be able to continue to operate. importation of the balance sheetThe balance sheet shows how the business has been financed. For he sole trader the balance sheet can be shown as a formula, which is Fixed assets + Working capital Long-term liabilities = NET assetsThe final Accounts for a Partnership AccountsDefinition of a PartnershipThe Partnership Act of 1890 defines a compact asThe relation which subsists between persons carrying on a business in common with a view of profitAccounting requirements of a partnershipThe accounting requirements of a partnership are as follows To follow the rules that have been set out in the Partnership Act of 1890 Or they could agree upon a partnership agreement, to follow different accounting rules. This will be explained in further detail later on in the essayIf the partners cannot agree upon terms then the Partnership Act 1890 will apply it stats the following accounting rules any profits or losses are to be overlap between the partners equally No partner is eligible to a salary Partners are not entitled to receive any interest on their capital Interest is not to be charged on drawings made by the partners If any partner contributes more capital than has been agreed, they are entitled to receive interest at 5% per annum on the extra amountThis only applies if the partners fail to agree on an agreement of their own.Year end accounts of a PartnershipA partnership prepares that very(prenominal) end of year accounts as the sole trader, this being A trading and profit and loss account And a balance sheetThe difference between the end of year accounts for a sole trader and a partnership is that after the profit and loss account the partnership must prepare an appropriation account. This serves to show how the net profit that the profit and loss account shows is divide amongst the partners.Partnership AgreementA partnership agreement is drawn up by the partners and is a deviation form the accounting rules set out by the Partnership Act 1890. All partners must agree to the agreement before being allowed to go ahead. The partnership agreement will normally follow the following areas The division of profits and losses between the partners any partners salaries/ instruction If interest is allowed on capital and at what rate If interest is to be charged on partners drawings and at what rateThe division of profits and losses between the partnersThe partnership act 1890 states that no matter how much someone has contributed to the business in the form of capital, they will only receive the same make out of the profits as a person who has contributed less. This is why many partnership agreement s state that if someone contributes more capital they get more of the profit.Partners salaries/commissionThe partnership act 1890 states that no partner is to receive a salary. This however is not normally the case within partnership agreements, many partnership agreements set out that those partners who work more within the business deserve a salary due to the time they are committing to the business. Similarly a partnership agreement may have within it a commission payment with sales that a partner may make once again this is due to the contribution this partner is making.Interest allowed on capitalThe partnership act 1890 states that no interest on capital is to be paid unless a partner contributes more than agreed then they are allowed 5% on the extra capital. Within many partnership agreements there is a clause that allows interest to be given on capital this is a form of salary to the partner because they can use this interest money to invest in other things. The interest on capital may also be used as a form of compensating the differences that may appear between the capitals that are contributed.Interest charged on partners drawingsIn the partnership act 1890 it states that no interest is to be charged on the drawings made by a partner this leads to problems because the partner may withdraw valuable funds when they are virtually required, so many partnership agreements outline that a charge is to be set on the withdrawal of capital, this then deters the partner from withdrawing due to the penalty they will incur. different points Interest on loans if a partner makes a loan to the partnership then as set down in the partnership act 1890 they will receive interest of 5%, this is why many partnership agreements agree on a different rate of interest Interest on current accounts a partnership agreement may outline the interest that is to be allowed on the balance of a partners current account this will be paid to the partner if they are still credited a nd taken away if they are debited.Capital accounts and Current accountsAn important difference between the final accounts of a sole trader and that of a partnership is that each partner of a partnership has a capital account and a current account. The capital account is generally fixed and only changes if an alteration in the amount of capital is exhibited. The current account is constantly changing and is the account that the following are placed Share of any profit is credited Share of any loss is debited Salary/commissions if there are any are credited Any interest on partners capital is credited Any drawings are debited Any interest on charged on partners drawings is debitedThe current account is treated as a working account.Appropriation of ProfitsThe appropriation account shows how the net profit has been divided amongst the partners, before the net profit can be divided the following things must be taken or added to the net profit before the final share of profits can be dis turbed Any interest added on partners drawings Salaries/Commissions to be taken away Any interest on partners capital to be subtractedAfter these have been taken or added the final share of profits will remain, this then can be distributed between the partners at the correct percentage for each.Balance SheetWhen a partnership is complete its balance sheet at the end of the year the end balances on each partners capital and current accounts must be shown. It is usual that the transactions that have taken place on each account be shown in a summary form, just as in a sole traders balance sheet they will take the drawings away from the net profit for that year. The other features of a balance sheet are the same as a sole traders balance sheet.The Final Accounts for a Limited Company AccountsAdvantages of forming a Limited CompanyA control company is owned by the shareholders and run by the directors, it is a separate legal entity. A limit company is often chosen as the legal status of a business because of the following reasons Limited liability Separate legal entity Ability to raise finance Membership Any other factorsLimited liabilityIf a company where to go into solvency with limited liability the shareholders would only lose the capital they have invested. This means the shareholder is covered for any losses of the company and will not be liable to repay the creditors.Separate legal entityThe company is a separate legal entity form the shareholders, if someone where to take action against the company they do so against the company and not against the individual shareholders.Ability to raise financeA limited company can raise funds from the follow international sources For a PLC this capital is generate from the general ordinary buyer shares which are traded on the Stock Market For a LTD this capital is generated from Venture Capital companies and friends and family who can purchase sharesMembershipTo be a member of a limited company you are required to own at least one share of that company, there is a minimum number of members which is two and no upper limit. If you are a member of a company you are the same as a shareholder.Other factorsAs a limited company is normally larger than that of a sole trader or partnership it benefits from economies of scale and makes it of decent size to employ such specialists as production, marketing, finance which work in their respective functions.The Companies ActThe Limited Companies Act 1985, which was amended in 1989 states that there are two types of limited companies. The large Public companies or PLCs and the smaller Private companies or LTDs there is also another type of limited company which is called the limited by guarantee.Public limited company (PLC)A company can become a public limited company if it has the following The issued share capital is over 50,000 on that point are at least two members and at least two directorsA public company does not have to sell stocks and shares on the Stock Exchange but this is normally where some of the capital is raised.Private limited company (LTD)The most common limited company is the private limited company or LTD, the term private company was not set out in the Companies Act 1985, but is the most traditional way of describing a LTD. A private limited company has the following There are no minimum requirements for issued share capital There needs to be at least two members and at least one directorThe shares are not traded on the stock market, but can be traded between individuals although with the shares not being traded on the stock exchange the price at which these shares will be traded may fluctuate.Company limited by guaranteeThe limited by guarantee company does not rely on the purchase of shares, but relies on members agreeing to pay a stated amount if the company goes bankrupt.Governing Documents of CompaniesWhen a limited company is being set up the Companies Act requires the two following documents archive of Association Articles of AssociationThe Memorandum of Association is the constitution of a company, it outlines how the business is to appertain to the outside world. It will contain the following five clauses1) The name of the company along with the public or private limited part2) The authorised share capital3) The objects of the company which is the activities that the company can engage in4) The registered company of the company5) A statement that the liability of the members is limitedThe Articles of Association this regulates the internal administration of the company, it also includes powers of directors and the holding of company meetings.Accounting requirements of the Companies ActThe Companies Act 1985 which was amended in 1989, requires the production of accounts for a limited company it also sets out the detailed information that must be disclosed. For a large company the accounts are audited by an external auditor, this is not often the case with a small or medium size d company due to them being remedy. After the end of the financial year the accounts must be completed within nine-months and sent to the Companies House where they are available for the viewing of the public. A copy of the accounts must be available to all shareholders this is opposite with a report on the companies activities during the year.Types of shares by Limited CompaniesIn the Memorandum of Association the authorised share capital is stated. The issued shared capital may not be the same as the authorised share capital, the issued share capital under law is not allowed to exceed the authorised share capital. If a company wishes to extend the amount of share capital that it is allowed to issue it must pass an appropriate resolution at a general meeting of the shareholders.The authorised and shared issue capital is divided into different types of shares which are Ordinary shares Preference sharesWith these shares come voting rights to the holder which can give the right to t he holder to have their say at the annual general meeting.Ordinary sharesAn ordinary share is the most commonly issued share and carrys with it the main risks and rewards that come with the success of the business. If the business makes a profit the holder of the share will receive a dividend, these share are paid after appreciation shares dividends. Also of the company records a loss the share holders will loss part or all of their enthronisation.Many companies when they have made a profit dont pay out all the profit, many keep a percentage as a guard. This reserve money can be used the next year as a dividend if the company does not make a sufficient profit, this serves to keep the investor interested and thinking they are getting a return on their shares. When a business goes into solvency the ordinary share holders receive any payments last.Preference sharesA preference share normally carrys a fixed rate of dividends. The dividends of the preference shares are paid out before the dividends of an ordinary share, although the dividends are only paid if the company makes a profit. If the company goes into solvency the preference share will receive a part of their payment before the ordinary shares.Nominal and market values of sharesThe nominal value of a share is the face value of the share, shares can be issued for any amount. This nominal value is not normally the same as the market value of the share due to it being traded at different prices constantly.Issue priceThis is the price the shares are issued to the shareholders by the company. The issue price is either at a par with the nominal value or above the nominal value. When the issue of the issue price is above the nominal value it is known as a share premium.Loans and DebenturesAs well as selling shares to raise capital the business may also be required to take a loan or debenture which can be obtained from the shareholders. With these two methods of raising capital usually comes a fixed rate of i nterest on the amount. This interest is considered a business expense so is placed in the profit and loss account with all the other expenses. If the company goes into insolvency the loan/debenture will be paid morose before any shareholders are paid.Trading and Profit and Loss AccountWhen most limited companies are creating their financial statements they are normally the same as that of a sole trader and a partnership. However there are two expenses that are found in a limited companies profit and loss account but not in any other type of business, these are Directors remuneration (directors salary) this is entered because the directors are employed by the company and thus are an expense to the company Debenture interest this is entered into the companies profit and loss account because it is an expense to the companyThe limited company completes it profit and loss account and finds out the Net profit, an appropriation account is then drawn up below this.Balance SheetThe balanc e sheet of limited companies are for the most part the same as all other companies balance sheet apart from the odd difference in the things that go into the current assets, fixed assets and liabilities. The difference is that the capital section of the balance sheet is rather complex due to the different shares that are issued and the various reserves.ReservesA limited company will very rarely disburse all its profits between its shareholders, it will instead keep back a certain amount as a reserve. There are two types of reserve Capital reserves which are created because not all the capital that has been taken was used for trading Revenue reserves these are the retained profits from the profit and loss accountCapital reservesExamples of capital reserves which cannot be used to fund dividends payments include Revaluation reserve this takes place when a fixed asset is revalued in the balance sheet, this revaluation is then placed in a revaluation reserve, it then serves to increa se the shareholders investment in the company Share premium account a company may wish to issue extra shares to be available to the general public at a price over that of the nominal price. The nominal value of the shares is input into the share capital account and the extra money on pull in of the shares laced into the share premium account.Revenue reservesThis is very often left as the balance of the appropriation account of the profit and loss account, it is most commonly known as the profit and loss account balance. On the other hand they may choose to put this revenue into a separate account of its own. This transfer to and from these accounts will in recorded in the appropriation account.The regulatory framework of accountingWhen talking about the regulatory framework of accounting you are simply talking about the rules that are to be followed when preparing final accounts. There are two forms these rules take the form of these are Accounting judgments Accounting standardsA ccounting conceptsBelow are the basic accounting concepts that are to be followed when preparing final accounts Business entity Money measurement Historical cost Duality corporality Going aid Accruals Consistency PrudenceBusiness entity conceptThis concept outlines that the final accounts and records of a business are that of the business and that no personal assets of the owners are included within these records. The main links that are disclosed between the business and the owner(s) is the capital accounts and drawings.Money measurement conceptThis concept means that all items that are within the final accounts are expressed as money, this means all the values can be added together to come up with the net profit, gross profit and so on. The problem with this is that things that cannot be recorded as money such as good management will not be valued and all companies will be seen to be managed the same way, only in time will the good management become apparent.Historical cost conce ptThis is an extension of the money measurement concept, it basically means that a transaction should be recorded at the value it was historically recorded or initially recorded, so if a vehicle cost 20,000 at purchase it should be entered for that amount.This concept brings with it advantages which are as follows Verifiable there is a prime document that confirms that this transaction has occurred Objective there are no new valuations of the vehicle which will make it easier to price when it comes to saleThis concept also brings with it disadvantages which are as follows The change of value all items change in value over time and this wont be recorded the value may have went up or down The effects of inflationDuality conceptThis concept undertakes that all transactions are entered into the double-entry system twice one on the credit side and one on the debit side.Materiality conceptThis concept sets out that some items within accounts are so low in monetary value there would be no point in recording them separately. Some examples of these types of items are listed below The likes of donations to charities, the purchasing of plants for the procedure and other small expenses such as these are seen not to justify their own expense account, so they are grouped together in a sundry expenses account The end of year stocks of stationary such as paper for printers, paper clips, pens etc are not seen to be material due to the fact they dont affect the business earnings however they are placed within the profit and loss account The low cost fixed expenses such as bins, staplers etc are not classed as capital expenditure, they are instead classified as expenses within the profit and loss account. Technically they should be placed within the fixed assets account of the balance sheet and be depreciated every year of their life span, but it would not be worth the attempt due to them being immaterial in that they wouldnt cause any real affect to final figures.What a bu siness will consider material depends really on the size of the particular business, the likes of a large business would find anything under 1,000 immaterial and not worth putting into their own account whereas a small company would consider these items material and have them in their own account.Going concern conceptThis concept is presuming that the business to which the final accounts relate will continue to trade for the foreseeable future. The final accounts are prepared on the basis that the business has no intention of significantly down coat or liquidating its assets. If the business was going to down size and where to sell a purpose built factory this factory would be a going concern to the business but would be of limited use to other industries for this reason the building would command less value. This instead of being described as a going concern would instead be described as a gone concern. In a gone concern extra depreciation would be added to the profit and loss acc ount to account for the reduction in fixed assets.Accruals conceptThis concept is concerned with the expenses and revenues being matched so that they will concern the same goods/services and the same time period. In the profit and loss account expenses should always be entered whether they have been paid for or not. This is where the principle of income and expenditure accounting came from. Below are further examples of the accruals concept Debtors Creditors Depreciation Bad debts Provision for bad debts Opening and closing stock adjustments in profit and loss accountConsistency conceptThis concept is concerned that when a company adopts a particular method for accounting they should continue to use that method in a constant fashion. When a business has adopted a particular practice for accounts they may at times wish to make some changes, this is acceptable as long as there is a good reason for it, this change is to be noted on the final accounts to explain what has happened. With the consistency of the accounts the business can make comparisons between different years.Prudence conceptThis concept is also known as the conservatism in accounting. This concept requires where there is any interrogative as to the value of an item report a conservative figure to be entered within the final accounts. Although this does not mean that profits are to be anticipated and should only be recognised if there is a distinct possibility they will be realised, as well as this all known liabilities should be provided for. A good example of this process is the provision for bad debts this is so any debt that maybe written off may be accounted for. The theory behind this concept is that it prevents the business from being to over optimistic with its presentation of final accounts.All of the above concepts apply to the final accounts of a sole trader, a partnership and a limited company. With relation to the limited companies the Companies Act 1985 gives legal force to the follo wing concepts Going concern Accruals Consistency PrudenceIf the company does not apply these concepts will receive a qualified report from its auditors.Accounting StandardsThe framework for accounting is represented by the Statements of Standard Accounting Practice (SSAP) and monetary Reporting Standards (FRS).The Statements of Standard Accounting Practice are no longer issued, but they still come under the control of the Accounting Standards mature. The Accounting Standards Board requires that accountants adhere to all applicable accounting standards and are able to disclose and explain deviations from the standards that may occur. To try and reduce the number of permissible accounting treatments, a number of Statements of Standard Accounting Practice have been replaced by Financial Reporting Standards.The main accounting standards are SSAP 5 Accounting for Value Added tax income SSAP 9 Stocks and long-term contracts FRS 15 Tangible fixed assets FRS 18 Accounting policiesSSAP 5 A ccounting for Value Added TaxVAT is a tax on the supply of goods and services. Business with a turnover of over a certain figure will be registered for VAT.At regular intervals the business that are registered will pay VAT Authorities such as HM Customs and Excise on the following The amount of yield tax collected on sales made Less the amount of input tax on goods and services purchasedThe business can claim a give from the HM Customs and Excise department if the input tax is greater than the output tax. This claim will be made on the difference.A business that is VAT-registered does not normally include the VAT in the income and expenditure of the business whether for capital or revenue reasons.There are goods and services that are exempt from VAT these are things such as the loaning of money and letting of land, VAT cannot be charged by the charge so no output tax is received, they can only clam back an agreed proportion of the input tax that has been pre agreed with the VAT au thorities.Irrecoverable VAT occurs when a business that has been registered cannot reclaim VAT on input tax, this means the VAT is entered into the accounts as an expense.A business that is not registered for VAT will include VAT within its input financial statements.SSAP 9 Stocks and long-term contractsThis sets out the broad rule that stock should be valued at cost or, where lower, selling price.FRS 15 Tangible fixed assetsThis sets out that a fixed asset has a known economic life and must be depreciated, this doesnt apply to land unless it is either a quarry or mine.As long as the depreciation method is acceptable it can be used to spread the cost of a fixed asset consistently over that fixed assets economic life.A depreciation amount is most of the time based on the cost of the fixed asset.FRS 18 Accounting policiesThis standard is to ensure that all material items have the following The particular circumstances of the business accounting policies are fit of the given purpose an d give a true and fair view The policies that have been selected by a company are regularly reviewed to ensure they are still appropriate, also when the circumstances change the policies are changed to The information that is disclosed within the financial statements is of sufficient information to enable users to understand the accounting policies that have been adopted and how they have been implemented

Atticus Finch †To Kill a Mockingbird Essay

Throughout chapters 1-17 in To Kill A Mockingbird, Atticus Finch is shown as a very courageous and non-judgemental person. At times in the book he is also a very caring father but he can be exact at times. His name, Atticus is also a very courteous man and always shows courtesy to the people he meets. Many people that live in Maycomb lie with Atticus is a gentleman and is very polite. He also has a conscience when he says that if he didnt defend a Negro then(prenominal) he would be ashamed and wouldnt be able to hold his head up in township.Harper Lee portrayed Atticus as a very courageous man. Atticus is courageous because he takes up a case no one else dares to take, the Tom Robinson case. He was willing to take a chance his honour and dignity to help the poorly accused black man. Although he gets a lot of abuse from various people, for example Mrs Dubose when she says, Atticus is a nigger-lover, he still doesnt step down from the case and ignores people. He dismantle put hi s Children in the way when observatory nearly gets in to a constrict against Cecil Jacobs when Cecil Jacobs says that pale Finchs daddy defends niggers.Scout even takes abuse from her own family when her cousin, Francis, says that Atticus is a nigger-lover which in reality puts Scout on edge and she starts a stir with Francis. Atticus is also a very non-judgemental person and will always look at things from both sides of the story. In chapter 3 Atticus says, You never really understand a person until you ascertain things from his point of view until you climb into his skin and walk around in it. Here, Atticus is saying that you cant judge something until you see things from their point of view, until you see what theyre experiencing.Atticus is a very caring father but a strict one too. He is very caring when Scout comes home from her first day in school and complains that Miss Caroline (the teacher) doesnt want Atticus and Scout rendition together any more. Atticus decides to make a deal with Scout, If youll concede the necessity of going to school, well go on reading every night on the button as we always have. This shows that he cares about Scout concerns and decides to make a deal to make her happy. Although caring he is also a strict father and when Jem loses her cool and destroys Mrs Duboses flowers he makes Jem go back and apologies. To do something like this to a sick lady is inexcusable. I strongly advise you to go down and have a talk with Mrs Dubose.As well as a good father he is also a very polite and well-mannered man. For example, in the court trial with Mayella, Atticus wouldnt call her Mayella but Miss Mayella but Mayella took it like Atticus was mocking her. Judge Taylor had to equanimity her down by saying, Mr Finch is always courteous to everybody. This is saying that Atticus is always polite and courteous to everyone he meets. He is also very polite to Mrs Dubose even though Mrs Dubose shout insults to him every time he walks by. Att icus would sweep off his hat, wave gallantly to her and say, Good evening, Mrs Dubose You look like a come across this evening. This shows that even though Mrs Dubose is horrid to him, he still says hello and is polite to her. Atticus is also very aware of his own reputation and tries to be morally good as much as he can be. He does this by helping Tom Robinson in a case they would probably lose. Scout asks him why he is defending Tom Robinson and Atticus replies, The main one is that if I didnt, I couldnt hold my head up in town.This shows he has morals that he follows so that he can have respect not for others but himself as well. Throughout chapters 1-17 Atticus is shown as a courageous person. As well as being courageous he is non-judgemental especially when he says, You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view until you climb into his skin and walk around in it. Atticus is also portrayed as a caring father when Scout is having trouble at school Atticus is there to support her. Harper Lee has overall made Atticus a very polite, wise and prise man in To Kill A Mockingbird.

Labor and Employment Laws Essay

Human resource departments be responsible for resolutionively, legally, fairly, and consistently attempting to maximize an organizations return on its human capital investiture while minimizing financial risk. This is why labor laws and complaisant Acts are placed in the work place and other felicities to insure the well fare of others are without risk and effective(WGU).Analysis of Situation AIn every situation all bases need to be covered and all information gathered onward any solicit is finalized. It is necessary to establish whether the employee qualified for the leave and whether the terms as stipulated under the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) were actually met. The Act requires that for wholeness to benefit from the leave he or she must have worked with the employer for more than 12 months. Employee A had worked for 2 geezerhood and it can be deduced that he had successfully completed at least 1250 hours at the work place. The rationale of the law is to ma ke it possible for ace to accomplish his professional obligations and personal champions without having to choose one at the expense of another. The reason for the leave must be for the care of a family member who has a serious health condition or ones own health condition. Employee A asked for the leave to take care of his wife who had prematurely given birth to twins.In fact, this is one of the reasons listed in the FMLA for this eccentric of leave. It is not difficult to discern that this is a serious medical condition which requires continuous care of the patient. Therefore, employee A should not be subjected to any victimization upon his request of leave. Focusing on the epoch of the leave, an employee is entitled to up to 12 weeks of this type of leave, so long as the right paperwork is provided. Employee A had been out for 11 weeks, hence, was cool off within the statutory period of 12 weeks. Since the issue of paper work is not a concern under this situation, I have con fidence that he supplied all the required documentation.The employee must be reinstated to the same position he held before the leave, so long as hestill is able to achieve the essential function of the job. Employee A was still able to perform the functions of the job. Hence, he was reinstated to his former position. On the issue of fall in during the leave, the Act does not require employers to reach the employees during the leave but any arrangement to the contrary must, however, be respected. Since, there was no agreement to this effect with the employer the manager is under no obligation to pay the withheld salary for the 11 weeks. The new manager in withholding the salary did not breach any law and this decision cannot be properly utter to be discriminatory laws, in this case FMLA (Lau & Lisa, 2013).Analysis of Situation BGeneral laws of Human Rights are captured in the U.S. constitution. The Civil Rights are contained in the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The specifics of empl oyment law are contained in various federal statutes that address specific issues in employment law. The employment law to be considered in the current situation is the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA). The brief statement of the facts regarding employee B is that he was 68 years of age and had served caller-up X for 42 years and was assessed to be above average on his performance. He was allegedly not promoted because of his age with the company preferring a junior employee of 32 years who received a performance review of adequate. First of all, Company X is bound by the Act, since it had 75 employees which is way above the minimum urgency of 20 employees.As such, Company X in hiring, promoting or firing its employees must pay due regard to the requirements of the Act. Secondly, employee B is currently 68 years old, meaning that he is protected by the Act which states that it protects workers above the age of 40. If the assessment of both employees revealed th at the older one was still performing better than the younger one then it would be hard to find a genuine reason for the promotion of the younger employee. Additionally, the situation does not fall under the expulsion of Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ) stipulated in the Act.Under this exception, a younger employee can be preferred to an older one if it is objectively established and to some termination obvious that the job cannot be effectively performed by the older employee. In view of the foregoing, I rest upon the conclusionthat there was discrimination on the terms of age in selection of the younger employee for the promotion at the expense of employee B. The fact that the employee was not asked to sign an ADEA waiver or any document to the effect confirms my position. Age was the but for reason for lack of promotion of the employee (Lau & Lisa, 2013).Analysis of Situation CThe only purpose that Company X gave for failure to direct employee C was that such a mov e would have been costly to the company. Therefore, I would assume that the employee was qualified for the job as the applicable statue (Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990) applies to qualified but incapacitate persons. Consequently, it cannot be doubted that employee C was qualified for the job. Secondly, the Act gives considerations of whether the disabled person can perform the essentials of the job. Under this test it would be understandable when a company fails to take aim a blind person as a driver. This is impossible since such a person cannot perform the essential functions of the job. Accordingly, the Act also permits the failure to apply a disabled person if it will require reasonable accommodation in order to perform the job.The essential function of the job would be absurd with employee Cs situation and as such the level of accommodation required was too high. Company Xs decision not to hire employee C does not amount to discrimination but an instance of genuine distinction. The adjustments needed to accommodate employee C would be too much and, therefore, the decision not to hire him is not discriminatory against him. As a result, employees are more protected since they are the fragile parties in the employment contract bargain. This is because employees can be exploited by ill-intentioned employers. As such employment laws together with other human rights laws take care of employees. The laws also protect the interests of employers by lining the duration of certain leaves, qualifications for some benefits as discussed above and hiring of employees on the basis of merit and not any other considerations. (Lau & Lisa, 2013).Work Cited Page1.Lau T.S. & Lisa J.A. (2013) The Legal and Ethical surround of Business. New York Flat World Knowledge Inc.

Cubism Review

Benjamin T. Shirrell Painting 1 April 2010 The most interesting statement I found in my exploration of Cubism was from historiographer John Golding Cubism was perhaps the most important and certainly the most complete and radical artistic revolution since the Renaissance. New forms of society, changing patronage, varying geographic conditions, completely these things have gone to produce over the past five hundred years a succession of different schools, different styles, different pictorial idioms.solely none of these has so altered the principles, so shaken the foundations of Western painting, as did Cubism. _ This statement put emphasis on the Cubist period, a time, which was of vast brilliance and developing style. Seeing the works and taking the time to understand them are two contributors that make these artists more significant. Picasso created a work in 1907, known as one of the centurys most important Les Demoiselles dAvignon.Important in the sense that it moved other inf luential artists, but also because of deeper substance in style and message. Although Picasso didnt create his fully developed Cubist paintings in 1907, his work of that year instigated the cubist revolution. A brand-new approach representing station and the construction of form that was later a defying Cubists most important qualities. An important concept I learned understanding cubism understood the difference in observational artists and conceptual artists.Experimental artists develop their contributions gradually and have a maturing style while conceptual artists put a more random thought raise effort. Picassos initial goal was to describe knowledge of objects rather than their appearance. Before Demoiselles d Avignon, came a number of preparatory sketches. I was able to find a gallery of some sketches online, the most fascinating in my opinion. I noticed sketches from hard lines up to incorporation of color and later incorporation of instruments. I was greatly influenced b y these sketches in my most recent works.

Engineering and Ce 211c Ce

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS-TALAMBAN CAMPUS CEBU CITY, PHILIPPINES (Effective June 2008) FIRST socio-economic class/FIRST SEMESTER Lec science lab Course Title Hrs Hrs Algebra 3 0 Trigonometry 3 0 Solid Mensuration 2 0 engineering Graphics 1 0 3 Communication Arts 1 3 0 Sining ng Pakikipagtalastasan 3 0 Man in Search of God 3 0 Self Testing Activities 2 0 Civic upbeat Training Services 1 3 0 hail 22 3 FIRST YEAR/SECOND SEMESTER Lec Lab Hrs Hrs Course Title Analytic & Solid Geometry 3 0 Calculus 1 5 0 Advanced Algebra 2 0 design Graphics 2 0 3 General and Inorganic chemistry Lec 3 0 General and Inorganic Chemistry Lab 0 3 Communication Arts 2 3 0 Man the Christian Believer 3 0 Filipino sa Ibat-ibang Larangan 3 0 Rhytmic Activities 2 0 Civic Welfare Training Services 2 3 0 Total 27 6 SECOND YEAR/FIRST SEMESTER Lec Lab Hrs Hrs Course Title uncomplicated Surveying yack 2 0 Elementary Surveying Laboratory 0 6 Computer Fundamentals & Programming 0 6 applied science Physics 1 vanquish 3 0 engineering science Physics 1 Laboratory 0 3 Logic 3 0 Life & Works of Rizal 3 0 The Christian morality 3 0 Fundamentals of Games and Sports 2 0 Governance & Const with Current Issues 3 0 Total 19 15 SECOND YEAR/SECOND SEMESTER Lec Lab Course Title Hrs Hrs Higher Surveys Lecture 2 0 Higher Surveys Laboratory 0 6 Calculus 2 5 0 Statics of Rigid Bodies 3 0 Engineering Physics 2 Lecture 3 0 Engineering Physics 2 Laboratory 0 3 Aural-Oral Communication 3 0 Man declare in the World 3 0 Recreational Activities 2 0 Total 21 9 THIRD YEAR/FIRST SEMESTER Lec Lab Hrs Hrs Course Title Dynamics of Rigid Bodies 3 0 chemical mechanism of Deformable Bodies 5 0 Engineering Surveys Lecture 2 0 Engineering Surveys Laboratory 0 3 General Computer Application 0 3 Differential Equations 3 0 edifice plan 1 Lecture 1 0 build Design 1 Laboratory 0 3 Basic Mechanical Engineering 3 0 General Psychology 3 0 Total 20 9 THIRD YEAR/SECOND SEMESTER Lec Lab Cours e Title Hrs Hrs surmisal of Structures 1 Lecture 3 0 Theory of Structures 1 Laboratory 0 3 swimming Mechanics & Hydraulics 1 3 0 Course order EM 111 EM 112X EM 124 ES 12A ENGL 1 FILI 1 vibrating reed 10 PE 11 NSTP 1 Acad Units 3 3 2 1 3 3 3 2 3 23 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) Course Code EM 121 EM 122 EM 123 ES 14A CHEM 4 CHEM 4L ENGL 2 REED 20 FILI 2 PE 12 NSTP2 Acad Units 3 5 2 1 3 1 3 3 3 2 3 29 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) EM 111, EM 112X EM 111, EM 112X EM 111, EM 112X ES 12A ENGL 1 REED 10 FILI 1 PE 11 NSTP1 Course Code CE 211C CE 211CL ES 16ANL PHYS 31N PHYS 31NL PHILO 2 HIST 17 REED 30 PE 13 POSC 13E Acad Units 2 2 2 3 1 3 3 3 2 3 24Prerequisites (Co-requisites) EM 111, EM112X EM 111, EM112X EM 111, EM112X EM 121, EM 122 EM 121, EM 122 no(prenominal) None REED 20 PE 12 None Course Code CE 221C CE 221CL EM 211 MECH 1 PHYS 32N PHYS 32NL ENGL 3 REED 40 PE 14 Acad Units 2 2 5 3 3 1 3 3 2 24 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) CE 211C, CE211CL CE 211C, CE211CL EM 122 PHYS 31, (E M 211) PHYS 31N PHYS 31N Engl 2 REED 30 PE 13 Course Code MECH 2 MECH 3 CE 311C CE 311CL CE 311G EM 22 BLDG 1 BLDG 1L ME310 PSYC 1 Acad Units 3 5 2 1 1 3 1 1 3 3 23 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) MECH 1 MECH 1 (MECH 2) CE 221C, CE221CL CE 221C, CE221CL EM111, EM123, ES16ANL EM 211 EM 124, ES 14A EM 124, ES 14A MECH 1 (MECH 2) NoneCourse Code CE 321A CE 321AL CE 321BX Acad Units 3 1 3 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) MECH 2, MECH 3 MECH 2, MECH 3 MECH 2, MECH 3 CE 321BLY CE 321C CE 321G BLDG 2 BLDG 2L EM 31 ECON 1N EE 320 Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulics 1 Lab Engineering Geology Probability and Statistics Building Design 2 Lecture Building Design 2 Laboratory Advanced Engineering maths Principles of Econ with Agrarian Reform Elementary Elect. Engg Total 0 3 3 1 0 3 3 3 22 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 9 1 3 3 1 1 3 3 3 25 MECH 2, MECH 3 PHYS 32, CHEM 4 EM 111 BLDG 1 BLDG 2 EM 22 None PHYS 32, EM 22 Course Code CE 411A CE 411AL CE 411BY CE 411BL CE 411C CE 411CL CE 412AX CE 412AL CE 412B SOSC 6 PHILO 25F OURTH YEAR/FIRST SEMESTER Lec Lab Course Title Hrs Hrs Theory of Structures 2 Lecture 3 0 Theory of Structures 2 Laboratory 0 3 Fluid Mechanics &Hydraulics 2 3 0 Fluid Mechanics &Hydraulics2 Lab. 0 3 Geotechnics 1 Lecture 3 0 Geotechnics 1 laboratory 0 3 Construction Materials and Testing Lec 2 0 Construction Materials and Testing Lab 0 3 Hydrology 3 0 Philippine Society and assimilation 3 0 Philosophy of the Human Person 3 0 Total 20 12 FOURTH YEAR/ SECOND SEMESTER Lec Lab Course Title Hrs Hrs Reinforced concrete Design Lec 3 0 Reinforced Concrete Design Lab 0 3 Environmental Engineering 3 0 Geotechnics 2 Lecture 3 0 Geotechnics 2 Laboratory 0 3 geographical Information System Lec 1 0 Geographic Information System Lab 0 3Water Resources Engineering 3 0 Engineering Economics 3 0 Technical Writing 3 0 Survey of Arts 3 0 Total 22 9 Summer after fourth year/second semester Lec Lab Course Title Hrs Hrs On the Job Training 3 0 Total 3 0 FIFTH YEAR/ FIRST SEMESTER Lec Lab Hrs Hrs Cours e Title path Engineering 3 0 Steel Design Lecture 3 0 Steel Design Laboratory 0 3 Timber Design 2 0 Construction Planng, Prog & Safety 3 0 Project 1 Lecture 1 0 Project 1 Laboratory 0 3 Elective 1 3 0 Elective 2 3 0 Engineering Management 3 0 Total 21 6 FIFTH YEAR/ SECOND SEMESTER Lec Lab Hrs Hrs Course Title Transportation Engineering 3 0 Project Management Lecture 2 0 Project Management Laboratory 0 3 al-Qaida Design 2 Foundation Design Lab. 3 Project 2 0 3 CE Laws, Contracts, Specs, & Ethics 3 0 Elective 3 3 0 Elective 4 3 0 Total 16 9 Acad Units 3 1 3 1 3 1 2 1 3 3 3 24 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) CE321A, CE321AL CE321A, CE321AL CE321B, CE321BL CE321B, CE321BL MECH 2, MECH 3 MECH 2, MECH 3 MECH 2, MECH 3 MECH 2, MECH 3 EM 211, (CE411B) None None Course Code CE 421AN CE 421ANL CE 421B CE 421C CE 421CL CE 421G CE 421GL CE 423B ES 25 ENGL 23G HUMN 1 Acad Units 3 1 3 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 25 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) CE411A, CE412A CE411A, CE412A CHEM 4, CE 412B CE411C, CE411CL CE 411C, CE411CL CE311C, CE311G CE311C, CE311G CE411B, CE411BL EM 22 4th course of instruction Standing None Course Code OJT Acad Units 3 3 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) BLDG2, Completed 4th yr second sem coursesCourse Code CE 511C CE 512A CE 512AL CE 514A CE 513A CE 511G CE 511GL CE 511E CE 511F ES 27 Acad Units 3 3 1 2 3 1 1 3 3 3 23 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) CE311C, CE421C CE411A, CE411AL CE411A, CE411AL CE411A, CE411AL fifth Year Standing completed 4th yr second sem courses completed 4th yr 2nd sem courses refer to pre-req refer to pre-req ES 25 Course Code CE 521C CE 522A CE 522AL CE 522B CE 522BL CE 521G CE 522G CE 522E CE 523E Acad Units 3 2 1 3 1 1 3 3 3 20 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) fifth Year Standing ES 27, CE 513A ES 27, CE 513A CE 511A CE 511A CE 511G 5th Year Standing refer to pre-req refer to pre-req Note NSTP and PE courses should be completed within the first two years in college.Elective Courses Lec Lab Hrs Hrs Elective 1 Course Title thumping A Prestressed Concrete 3 0 clunk B Irrigation, Flood Control and Drainage Engg 3 0 Cluster C Urban Planning and Land Development 3 0 Elective 2 Cluster A Bridge Design 3 0 Cluster B Sanitary Engineering 3 0 Cluster C Geosynthetics in Geotechnical Engg 3 0 Elective 3 Cluster A Entrepreneurship for Engineers 3 0 Cluster B Hydrologic Analysis and Modeling 3 0 Cluster C Pavement Analysis and Design 3 0 Elective 4 Cluster A circumscribed Topics in Structural Engg 3 0 Cluster B Special Topics in Water Resources 3 0 Cluster C Special Topics in Geotechnical Engg 3 0 Acad Units 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) CE 421A CE 422B CE 311C, 5th Year Standing CE 421A CE 421B CE 421C ES 27 CE 412B, CE321G CE 511C CE 511A CE 423B CE 511C