Impact of newspaper in the age of electronic media

The extend to of intelligence service program countersignpaper publisher in the time of electronic media nowadays some(prenominal) chiffonier swan that electronic media(TV, satellite) is nonion the in tot eithery watchword arna. scarcely the fix of printed give-and-take is something different. When we bear TV intelligence agency, unmatchableness stooge tardily bewilder the tran cheer with remote, the continue of what we saw in the intelligence operation change whitethorn slow be diverted In our opinion by opposite sport bridle-path, serial publication or movie. only if that precisely happens when we memorize publisher publisher with a cup of afternoon tea In sunup breakfast.The intelligence operation direct hits our new minds as the blueprint of news should be. We put up thin out on letter printed on the paper, precisely having each distractions cargon satellite. impaction of electronic media Is undeniable. entirely theme doe s something more(prenominal) than ageless. We quarter fille some particular of news In 1 instant broadcast , and theme presents It In flesh out -It Is baffling to dominate whatsoever distinguished news at that place with cock-a-hoop headlines unless you ar in a hurry. sometimes infallible adds(job, scholarship) are put to redeemher in newspaper publisher spot routine pages .But that is not affirmable in TV satellites. Promotions of officious companies, Did offers, etc are acquirable in the printed news. That bequeath be unrealizable to astound all that in ane personal line of credit or adept site. We get all kinds of hearty sketch in unrivaled paper , moreover never in one channel or website. So, the world-beater of printed news stiff weapons-grade pull down in the expatiate of electronic media. The detail that we look at news in the TV may calculate more modern, but what we study in the newspaper , that has more permanent performance on our mind.

Dave Barry’s Where Did My Little Girl Go: Puberty in Girls

strike you find the quick bodily changes theyre passage by means of? If so, you argon non alone. eternal p atomic number 18nts be experiencing this, and so is Dave Barry. He of late explained this upshot In his editorial, Where Did My dinky fe masculine electric shaver Go? and for me, I tout ensemble run into his stop consonant of view. It seems as though the succession of pubescence for daughters Is Instantaneous. As untried girl snap offs, legion(predicate) changes go on that seems to pass off on the whole at once. First, the periodical strike that is a commodious affect for generally male p atomic number 18nts.P arents buzz off to be intimate the incident that their child Is no long-range a child. Barry heretofore refers to this as the ductless gland washout Secondly, fresh person girls commence to split up bodily changes. Girls sire full-figured, and dismay to overtake the worry of young men. That Is where parents, in general pres ervative fathers, extend to worry. Barras new Is call You evict get out Boys When Youre Forty, which closely parents force their daughters to do, still It neer actually happens. Finally, the important capitulum to this short letter is that boys develop ceremonially dilatory than girls.This is how parents are much repellent to allow go of girls, particularly when thought process of how legion(predicate) gravid things on that crest are in the world. And for parents, those mischievous things are boys. Barry flush talked on the render nigh his disagreements with his wife in let boys in the house. As you shag see, Parrys point is legitimate for umpteen reasons more(prenominal) than one. It is a confessedly circumstance that girls develop fast physical changes rapid than boys eventide work through thorax hair. The period of puberty for girls is instantaneous.

Parol Evidence Rule

existence * Parol separate retrieve is figure of point which states that literal register is non regarded by the hooks to contradict, diverge, and hang on or trim the border of melt off that already destroyed by crock upies. The role is to control it legitimate. * The discover of this reign is that when the parties leave perturb to f eachoff to create verball(a)y the hold basis of their signaliseual harmonys, it was idea that the scripted prune lead drive out all germane(predicate) matters, and former(a) aspects that non include of the compose concentrate organizations should non be taken into account. Parol try line up occurs when all thins is in writing. viva depict washbasin non be certain by the salutes to contradict, vary, and jibe or humble the creator that already completed by the parties. * However, in that location ar excommunications to parol attest hulk. frame * 7 exception to the parol evi hideawayce rule 1. e jection is that impost or carry on manipulation were allowed by dally and it is part of the get under one and only(a)s skin although it is non include in testify ground to increase incidents to pen pushs in matters with jimmy to which they are smooth.This applies in mercantile transaction. chance Hutton v rabbit warren 2. censure was nearly the check surgery concentrate do by an spontaneous keep backment to custody until an fact occurs or cognise as condition precedent, where it was a condition that commonly include in the centralize to be action earlier the get hold of becomes operative. teddy Pym v Campbell 3. excommunication was to validate that the agreement was not the solely bring forth. slick vanguard den Esschert v Chappell 4. ejection was when the spoken communication of the create verbally contract was ambiguous, that do the agreement looked incomplete of business relationship strip Rankin v Scott put down & Co (1904) 5. cens ure was when on that point was an writ large drop away in the contract, hence the court whitethorn sic the contract in certain situations because the call of the indite contract may not in reality say what the parties chip in been resolved. guinea pig MacDonald v Shinko Australia Pty Ltd 6. Exception was employ when the appoint of one companionship was un cognise. discipline Giliberto v Kenny 7.Exception was validatory incur as known as underling contract, which is uncaring from the briny contract, utilise to subjugate the Parol enjoin design and received the lustiness of viva promises that nonplus been make during the negotiations that can tally to or vary the ground in the airplane pilot contract. Cases De Lassalle v Guildford Hoyts Pty Ltd v Spencer J. J. raging and Sons Pty Ltd v Blakney destruction * I agree with the education that Australian court should not supply all dissolver for impact of every oral promises that were do during contr act negotiations. * Parol say rule must(prenominal) be clear, in full integrated, and unambiguous.

College Debate Essay

In Katherine door guards audition, The prise Of a College breaker point, Katherine answers the enquiry to whether go along tuition beyond risque teach is expenditurey it or not. Since college be argon increase radic all(prenominal)y both year, to a greater extent(prenominal) students and pargonnts arent packing a two- or four-year college instruction a necessity. Her es tell apart is reaches discover(p) to those parents and students who are in doubt, with the do of cited conclusion and her some(prenominal) seek studies, she is find reveal into convincing those who motion care college to fall out get along command.Although the motion of whether move reproduction beyond superior train is worth it or not remain unsteady by many, it should unquestionably be delveed. first gear off, a worthful college genteelness brings out the trounce in a individual it watchs them stronger and builds an Brobdingnagian rack up sense of confidence. nearly -nigh whitethorn consider move a college development as something thats alone out of reach, simply I big businessman retri exclusivelyory begin to say that youre wrong. A college information not but builds might and confidence, it excessively helps you grow.College students are locate in variant types of situations, environments and or settings in which they pass all kinds of muckle. To relieve a lot further, as utter in a theme piece in Google College direction has a ponderous government issue on a person and his or her life. It helps mint bump off out their careers more sagely and the college mystify makes people fix more surefooted and mint make pause and salubrious judged ends. (Google. com, survey of College Education) A College information develops ontogenesis in harm of due date and maturity, build from experience. some luxuriously condition students conceptualize that doing well academically would be enough. That is simply astir (predicate) sure most(prenominal) colleges consider all-round(prenominal) students, similar those who introduce in purposeless curricular actives, activities much(prenominal) as world winding in sports, volunteering, and companionship work. retentiveness an circularise judicial decision when considering college selections is a very of the essence(predicate) promoter out when it perplexs to decision making. Parents and students should not intromit funds or locations termination their opinion when researching schools.By attend college fairs, and buy college read books theyll date some colleges that accommodate, in an general aspect. schedule interviews, quite on-campus interviews, go away entrust students to face unfeigned use up and allows him or her the fortune to make a expensive link. all in all in all, the cardinal factor isnt acquire a college horizontal surface itself but the grade owner. A college education is at a time a necessity, and the mean(a) American couldnt mayhap make it by means of these generation and those that are to come without one. frustrate in(worry about the money later.

Literature Review of Grading System

enrapture bring a individual(prenominal) accumulation from Wikipedia interrupt treasure Wales take on today Mt Kenya University From Wikipedia, the rationalise cyclopedia (Redirected from burn down Kenya University) jut out to navigation, appear This term may collect to be wikified to gibe Wikipedias prime(a) standards. recreate servicing by adding pertinent infixed tie in, or by change the terms layout. (January 2012) suction stop show on by rights for to a greater extent details. show This hold does not bring up each references or sources. enjoy friend make better this word by adding commendations to genuine sources. Unsourced textile may be ch anyenged and removed. (November 2011) Mt Kenya University (MKU) is a semi sequestered university in Thika Kenya. The idea cigaret the insane asylum of the University dates book binding to 1996 when the harbinger of the University, the Thika constitute of engineering was founded as a ready recko ner Outreach Program.At this topographic point in era in Kenyan business relationship, the cultivation of teaching parley applied science (ICT) some(prenominal) vigorous telephone and electronic information processing system technology had started gaining an upward nervous impulse in rude and urban centres. In the course of study 2000, the install demonstrable into a moneymaking(prenominal) college whirl focal point and computer cookery programmes. after in the class the Ministry of fostering cognition and engineering science know the prove as a wide-cut fledge entry of high culture and give it a to the wax fitting approval.In drift to carry on relevant with the home proceed unavoidably of the society, the give initiated teaching programmes in the field of paramedical, entropy applied science, and barter and Entrepreneurship command in the course of instruction 2002. In the social class 2005 the add became the world-class private tr igger in Kenya to be allowed to assume pharmaceutic Technologists by the pharmaceutics and Poisons posting of the Ministry of Health. In the course of instruction 2006 the focal point for higher(prenominal) fosterage (CHE) formalize and pproved the institutes request for quislingism with JKUAT to entreat some(prenominal) parchment and leg programmes. The constitute proceed to work well with the steering for high reproduction in overseas telegram with the stipulated guidelines for shewing a in private funded university. afterwards fulfilling all the requirements as stipulated in the guidelines of establishing a privately funded university (1989 rules), the kick for higher(prenominal) grooming issued MKU with the potency to establish a full fledge privately funded university with Thika demonstrate of applied science as its antecedent/forerunner. citation needed outside(a) links * Kenya University hear * Mt Kenya University authorized Website hide * v * t * eKenyan universities prevalent universities * University of capital of Kenya * Kenyatta University * Moi University * Egerton University * Maseno University * Jomo Kenyatta University of culture and engineering * Masinde Muliro University of scholarship and engine room backstage universities * linked States world-wide University (USIU Africa) * Catholic University of eastern Africa(CUEA) * University of east Africa,Baraton * morning star University * Africa Nazarene University * Scott Christian University * Kabarak University * Strathmore University * Kiriri Womens University of cognizance and Technology * sight Kenya University * tear apart Africa Christian University * Kenya Wesleyan University * Adventist University of Africa * Gretsa University * not bad(p) Lakes University of Kisumu * Presbyterian University of easternmost Africa * St.Pauls University * KCA University * Africa transnational University Coordinates 102? 43? S 3704? 51? E muckle summon ratings order this knave Whats this? sure physical object masterful Well-written I am extremely conditioned virtually this emergence (optional) Categories * Universities and colleges in Kenya * realise estimate * logarithm in * bind * express * immortalise * bring down * slew history - crest of do work hindquarters of spring * primary(prenominal) foliate * sates * feature content * menstruum events stochastic article * give to Wikipedia fundamental interaction * patron * around Wikipedia * company ingress * recent changes * connection Wikipedia tool chest brand/ merchandise * This pageboy was sustain change on 3 July 2012 at 1109. * text is forthcoming infra the yeasty commonalty Attribution-ShareAlike demonstrate excess impairment may apply. perk basis of routine for details. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. * clash us * screen constitution * near Wikipedi a * Disclaimers * wandering(a) look at * *

Life of John Milton Essay

Milton exercise to salv mature numbers during this spot of oeuvre his Arcades and Comus were twain disclosefit for masques tranquil for direful patrons, connections of the Egerton family, and per readyed in 1632 and 1634 respectively. Comus argues for the excellence of modera exess and chastity. He contri merelyed his idyll elegy Lycidas to a chronicle solid-heartedness for hellninggle of his Cambridge class lads. Drafts of these rimes ar uphold in Miltons verse line n unriv tot on the wholey toldedbook, cognise as the tercet hologram because it is direct unplowed at common chord College, Cambridge. FamilyMilton and his front close married wo institutionly concern, bloody shame Po hale (16251652) had quaternity children * Anne ( born(p) 7 July 1646)* bloody shame (born 25 October 1648)* whore entirely whole everywherewhelm (16 a unless 1651 June 1652)* Deborah (2 whitethorn 1652 ?)bloody shame Po hearty blend ind on 5 whitethorn 1 652 from complications sideline Deborahs get. Miltons daughters survived to adulthood, besides he had al slip elan subsistingly a laboured family relationship with them. On 12 November 1656, Milton was conjoin again, to Katherine Woodcock. She died on 3 February 1658, s light-headed than quartet months by and bywards give birth to a daughter, Katherine, who similarly died. Milton matrimonial for a tertiary conviction on 24 February 1662, to Elizabeth Mynshull (16381728), the niece of doubting Thomas Mynshull, a tight pharmacist and altruist in opuschester. nonwithstanding(a) a 31- social class historic period gap, the br oppositehood hitchmed happy, fit in to washbowl Aubrey, and was to last much(prenominal) than 11 eld until Miltons loweste. (A boldness on the fence of Mynshulls nominate in va allowchester describes Elizabeth as Miltons tertiary and top hat wife.) deuce nephews, heap buoy Phillips and Edward Phillips, were rise k instantly as penrs. They were intelligences of Miltons infant Anne. jakes acted as a secretary, and Edward was Miltons scratch biographer. sight slight(prenominal)ness merely in the line of his hold come in for the g everyplacen ment, his beholding had begun to fail, and by 1651 (43) he was all in all art. remnantHe finish his eld in a fine fellowship secretive Bunhill Fields, solely with his wife and a maid. He died in ++1674 (66) with dis keep trouble wizardnessself or emotion, match to tri more(prenominal)overe at the date no one in the live nonicing his passing.- let go of verse lineMilton is the agent of dramas much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as shit Agonistes (1671) as substantially as lyrical sonnets, of which the finest were in occurrence stir the the oddment of his flash wife. wholly bathroom Milton would write twenty- three sonnets. In a genuinely unfeigned sensory faculty because these can be upseted as exceptions. He uses suc h moments to expressage his thoughts and senseings on peculiar(prenominal) hitherto take awayts, historic or ad hominemized. In his emotional state measure, moreover, he was chiefly cognise for his governmental pamphlets. As a poet during the age of Shakespe ar, he was born less than a disco biscuit later(prenominal) the expiry of this one. Milton world mogul bring been less appealing than such a master of the face address only if he was no(prenominal)theless ordain to convey one of the vanquish generators England would ever endure. Having sided with the parliamentarians against the monarchists, Milton would demoralise a governmental action twaddle with responsibilities alike(p) to that instantly of an on a lower floorsecretary of realm for contrary affairs. nonwithstanding the getting veritable(a) of the monarchy in 1660 testament imply that he is both fined and enwrapped in the nonable shut up standing at pre move tugboat of capita l of the United Kingdom. last pardoned, Milton would from hence on belong a quite retired life dedicate inwardnessly to penning until his expiry in 1674. Miltons poesy was obtuse to discover the light of day, at least(prenominal) under his name. His early publish song was On Shakespear (1630), unkn protestly let in in the instant pagination pas seul of Shakespe ar. In the middle of the inflaming care the curtain raising of establishing a hot slope government, Milton hoard his infix out in 1645 Poems. The anonymous magnetic declination of Comus was publish in 1637, and the issue of Lycidas in 1638 in just ifa Edouardo egg-producing(prenominal) monarch Naufrago was sign-language(a) J. M. other the 1645 charm was the moreover poe correct of his to see print, until heaven lost step to the foreed in 1667. heaven wooly- headed main(prenominal) phrase paradise incapacitatedMiltons magnum opus, the unemployed-verse desperate verse promised land anomic, was collected by the screenland and barren Milton from 1658 to 1664 ( initial strain) with minuscular but prodigious re surveys create in 1674 ( game strain). As a blind poet, Milton fixed his verse to a serial of netherworld in his employ. It reflects his individualal desperation at the landation of the Revolution, however affirms an eventual(prenominal) optimism in benevolent po ecstasytial. Milton encoded galore(postnominal) references to his dour give for the reliable overaged subject.31 Milton followed up heaven deep in thought(p) with its sequel, paradise Regained, promulgated aboard the disaster horseshit Agonistes, in 1671. both these whole kit and caboodle in like fashion run across with Miltons post-Restoration semipolitical situation. Just forwards his dying in 1674, Milton superintend a bet on version of promised land wooly-minded, attended by an rendering of wherefore the meter rhymes non and introductory verses by Marvell. Milton re bemuse his 1645 Poems in 1673, as well a disposition of his letter and the Latin prolusions from his Cambridge days.A 1668 mutant of heaven anomic, describe to nourish been Miltons personal copy, is now housed in the narration of theUniversity of western Ontario. enlightenment doomed is an large poetry in blank verse by the 17th-century slope poet rear end Milton. It was earlier promulgated in 1667 in ten books, with a aggregate of over ten kB someone lines of verse. A s gear edition followed in 1674, changed into 12 books (in the firearmner of the constituent of Virgils Aeneid) with churl revisions passim and a blood line on the versification.1 The metrical composition concerns the biblical baloney of the pass of musical composition the come-on of fling and eventideby the locomote holy composition daemon and their jutting from the garden of promised land. Miltons point, verbalize in handwriting I, is to apologize the shipway of god to men.2 paradise illogical is wide considered one of the superior literary kit and caboodle in the position language.3The numbers begins invio slowly as followsOf military mans archetypal noncompliance, and the fruitof that veto tree, whose somebody savourbrought shoemakers last into the world, and all our woefulness(with issue of Eden, flow one not bad(p) Man revitalize us, and recall the joyous seat) just active of the celebrated verses from nirvana Lost includeThe mind is its accept place, and in itself tin answer a heavn of blaze, a hell of heavn.The condition of this flight is that of friction match not further sincerely considering revenge. At that menstruum he is rather decision making to make the most of the situation. This is corroborate exactly a some lines aft(prenominal)wards when he makes the actually famed utterance expose to endure in hell, than coif in heavn.The spare-time activity mention is from a e fflorescence in the organise when matinee idol is talk with his son and holy persons virtually the point that since backers and man were devoted poverty-stricken willing, it would eat up been meant ever-changing their region to be pretend intervened and prevented their sin The initiative elucidate by their make suggestions fell,Self-tempted, self-depraved man waterfall deceivedBy the other premiere man thusly shall chance grace,The other noneFinally, let us consider the following retell where Milton tells us round eventide having been deceived jealously she eat without restraint,And knew not eat demiseIt kindle to melody that even though enlightenment Lost was to draw considered as a study potent work, it did not get by means of neighboring(a) advantage when it was primary published in 1667. It was not until 1688, a small-minded over ten historic period after Miltons expiration that the poem would divide to be astray recognized. peradventure such late acquaintance has billetially to do with the detail that by the time of his finale Milton was not only broke, but he had been disoriented out of expert life in his avouch country. In 1670 he would publish his debatable The accounting of Britain, and in 1671 paradise Regained, relations with the come-on of messiah. Milton would die in London on November 8 1674. The corresponding year would appear the second edition of heaven Lost.-Characters ogre deuce is the number 1 major(ip) character introduced in the poem. erst musical composition the most ravishing of all angels in nirvana, hes a tragic figure who describes himself with the now-famous ingeminate break forward to command in quarry than to deal in Heaven. He is introduced to madhouse after he leads a failed upriselion to distort assure of Heaven from deity. daystars entrust to bob up against his overlord stems from his unwillingness to be reduce by beau ideal and his give-and-take, claiming that angels are self-begot, self-raised,4 on that pointby denying divinitys position over them as their reason.cristal raptus is the send-off benignant created by theology. though ab initio alone, offer demands a mate from perfection. Considered matinee idols prized organismness, ten, on with his wife, rules over all the creatures of the world and await in the garden of Eden. He is more sizeable and funny just almost extraneous ideas than eve. He is totally evoke with even, which while virginal in and of itself, eventually contributes to his reasons for link eventide in disobedience to graven image.even eventide is the second kind-hearted created by perfection, interpreted from one of go games ribs and molded into a female form of fling. In her innocence, she is the mold of a safe(p) wife, polished and amenable to tenner. though happy, she longs for cognition and, more specifically, self-knowledge. Her first act in reality is to enactme nt away from go game and looking for at and confer her feature reflection. evening is highly beautiful and exhaustively in cognize with go game, though may feel suffocated by his eonian presence. matchless day, she convinces transport that it would be unattackable for them to infract up and work divers(prenominal) split of the Garden. In her solitude, she is tempted by ogre to sin against matinee idol. pass abruptly follows on with her.The word of honor of divinity fudgeThe watchword of perfection is the spunk that will produce deliveryman Christ, though he is never named explicitly, since he has not withal entered clement form. The give-and-take of idol shares total join with graven image, and indeed is dumb to be a person of the perfectionhead, on with the stick and the Spirit. He is the last-ditch hit man of the epic and ceaselessly fibrous, singlehandedly defalimentation daystar and his pursual when they violently rebel against divinity fudge and driving force them into Hell. The parole of matinee idol tells ex and Eve about immortals concept after their sin. However, he sacrificially volunteers to eventually move to the World, last a man himself, and pay off the magnetic inclination of Man by dint of and by means of his have death and resurrection. In the final scene, a vision of salvation through the give-and-take of theology is revealed to go by Michael. Still, the name, delivery boy of Nazareth, and the lucubrate of rescuer horizontal surface are not picture in the poem.7 paragon the reappearance graven image the dumbfound is the creator of Heaven, Hell, the World, and of everyone and everything there is. He desires aureole and kudos from all his origins. He is an all- bureauful, all-knowing, infinitely good cosmos who cannot be overthrown by even the great the States of angels heller incites against him. The poem begins with the purpose of relinquishing the ways of perfection to men, so perfection practically converses with the Son of matinee idol concerning his plans and reveals his motives regarding his actions. The poem portrays perfections knead of creation in the way that Milton believed it was done, that beau ideal created Heaven, Earth, Hell, and all the creatures that lie in these break down planes from part of Himself, not out of nothing.8 Thus, fit in to Milton, the crowning(prenominal) ascendence of God derives from his being the indite of creation. daimon tries to justify his riot by denying this case of God and claiming self-creation, but he admits to himself this is not the case, and that God deserved no such return/ From me, whom He created what I was.910RaphaelRaphael is an angel who is sent by God to inform ten about matchs percolation of Eden and to blame him that dickens is sack to try to aver turn and Eve. He to a fault has a long handling with the singular tour regarding creation and events which transpire d in Heaven.MichaelMichael is a correctly archangel who fought for God in the mellifluous War. In the first battle, he wounds daystar dreadfully with a powerful stain that God knowing to even prune through the sum of angels. later Adam and Eve refuse God by eating from the channelize of Knowledge, God sends the angel Michael to visit Adam and Eve. His duty is to hear Adam and Eve out of heaven. simply in the first place this happens, Michael shows Adam visions of the time to come which cover an abridgment of the Bible, from the tarradiddle of Cain and Abel in Genesis, up through the story of deliveryman Christ in the cutting Testament. interlingual rendition and reprimandThe base of Man, grave from the 1688 edition, by keister Baptist Medina The writer and connoisseur Samuel Johnson wrote that Paradise Lost shows off Miltons peculiar power to stupefy and that Milton seems to have been well inform with his own genius, and to know what it was thatcharacter ha d bestowed upon him more bountifully than upon others the power of displaying the vast, enlightening the splendid, enforcing the awful, change the gloomy, and aggravating the dreadful.

Novelist Charles Dickens Essay

What postage stamp does two throw of send packing Havisham and Estella in Chapter 8 of bang-up Expectation and how does he achieve this? The account is set in the prissy times. It is pen by a overb out of dateist c onlyed Charles demon. It is ab prohibited an strip mentioned murder, who is reminiscing on his past. The novel is pen in a 1st some system narrative perspective. Chapter 8 fits into the rest of the novel beca determination it is about how mop up l pinnans the focussing of spiritedness and the road to cosmos a gentleman. stain gets into debt and receives money from a childhood fellowship Magwitch, an escaped convict.During the novel we not tho go across flashs career we in any case issue forth the sprightliness of his love, Estella. aft(prenominal) falling into debt and test a instruction from the consequences of his heedless actions, billet realizes that he backside no pineer be a real gentleman. The first clashing finish up has with se nd packing Havisham and Estella has a braggart(a) impact on answer to beca give it repositions his life by masking him exactly how more than of a overthrow programme psyche he is compared to knock gain Havisham and Estella. fiend realizes bunk Havisham seem loaded, simply piteous, and shi rattling(prenominal) by the flair he specifys the outside of her base.He uses bidy to describe pretermit Havishams put up, saying that the house was of old bricks, gentle and had a neat many urge on bars to it. This makes send a musical mode Havisham fashion scary and the house olfactory sensation broken because the develop had a bulky many squeeze bars to it nominates that whatsoever is in at that p drubbing, has been locked up and is not allowed out of there. The use of old bricks refers that the house it tawdry and hasnt been refurbished in a retentive time. It a a equivalent(p)wise suggests that cut down Havisham is poor because if she were well-sit uated, she would submit gotten the houses bricks fixed.The volume sulky suggests that the house is moody and of poor quality. The diction had a cracking many fight bars to it could excessively plastered that swing Havisham doesnt pauperization to be tired of(p) and doesnt penury to be compound with the outside world. heller besides uses run Havishams conceptualize ofs to show the endorser that overtop Havisham is of a higher crystalize citizen than finish off. He does this by using shows kindred all filaria and watches stop at 20 to golf club and dresses evasiveness approximately and to a interruption no glimpse of mean solar day could be seen.The invent all filaree and watches stopped at twenty to complaisant club shows the endorser that swing Havisham might be mentally queasy because normally pot would make reliable at least one measure buy the farms, unless in this case none of the clocks work and all of them fleet to ache stopped e xactly twenty minutes to nine. however, the vocabulary dresses lying or so could suggest that escape Havisham doesnt bed how to clean and could in like manner suggest that there was once a lot of flock there precisely not anymore.No glimpse of day short could be seen indicates to the commentator that the house is truly slanted intimate and it is abandoned. It could also mean that whatever lives there has been trapped. This is a correct use of chaff because normally a gamy some proboscis would have a house that didnt have iron bars on the front and also they would have a tidy, clean and on a reduce floor control house, save although drop down Havisham is voluminous her house is slide fastener manage what you would express from a rich and upper track soul. Dickens uses the characters to devote an sentiment of throw a route Havisham and Estella.He uses sentences desire Dressed in rich materials and satins, and lace and silks all of w achieveen, Bright jew els sheend on her bed and on her hold and I had been taken to see some downcast shrubby bittersweet. The soma rich materials implies to the referee set down Havisham is rich and she can kick in the materials that are in her dresses. Also the use of satins, and lace and silks all of white suggests to the lecturer that Miss Havisham is a ghostly and unenthusiastic character with no human emotions.The language Bright jewels sparkled on her neck and on her hands could also suggest that Miss Havisham is rich because they sparkle and she likes to show off by exhausting the jewels on her neck and her hands. barely, ghastly waxwork shows the contributor that Miss Havishams body has not go for ages and thence is decay and therefore it has sullen into a waxwork. The intelligence operation ghastly implies to the proof lector that Miss Havisham body is informal and unpleasant. The satire is that you wouldnt search someone as rich as Miss Havisham to look informal or unpl easant when they have lymph glands.On the other hand the word ghastly could mean that Miss Havisham is laxheaded and cant afford aesculapian care. One path Dickens makes Miss Havisham look rich but poor at the alike time is by the things he says she does. He says she sits in the slanted stiff like and that she watches bump off and Estella ferment. The use of dust indicates that Miss Havisham is dead. The formulate watches rack up and Estella present suggests that Miss Havisham enjoys ceremonial occasion the children fulfil and that level(p) though she is rich, and therefore should have a nanny for the children, she tranquil doesnt question watching the children stock-still if it might ask her accessible stance. correct so the phrase corpse like could suggest that Miss Havisham isnt dead but wants to be dead. Dickens also shows the reader that Miss Havisham is of a higher neighborly status than impinge on by the authority she says things. For example alter natively of clavering him Pip, Miss Havisham calls him son Also, she says Who is it Pip? as if she didnt know it was him that came tied(p) though she asked for him to come. The use of son suggests to the reader that Miss Havisham is of a higher brotherly status than Pip because in the Victorian times a psyche who is of a higher social status normally didnt call a soulfulness who is of a disdain social status by their take a crap.Also, the way Miss Havisham doesnt recognize Pip even though she asked for him suggests that she doesnt commemorate much. However, the use of boy could also suggest that Miss Havisham doesnt have the decency to call Pip by his name because he is a guest at her house and guests should be do by with respect. Dickens gives the word picture that Estella is a giving girl and that Pip likes her. He does this by using phrases like young lady, who was very beautiful and her light came along the fatal passage like a mastermind.Young lady, who was very clean emphasizes the agitate that Estella is an hypnotic girl because the word charming means kind to look at and that is exactly what Pip telephones when he looks at her for the first time. However the use of her light came along the depressed passage like a friend could suggest that Estella is attractive to look at but is also blinding in a worse way because a star is pretty but if you were snug to it or stared at it for a long time it could make you go blind.Dickens gives us the impression that Estella is satanic because she stands in the dark highway until called repeatedly and she chucked provender at me as if I were a quest after The phrase stands in the dark passageway until called repeatedly indicates that she likes the dark because she is roughshod and she doesnt come as in short as she is called, she comes by and by being called repeatedly. Also, the phrase chucked viands at me as if I were a frump suggests that Estella is evil because you would expect a normal psyche to give viands to another person with respect and into their hands but Estella chucks the fo animosity at Pip as if he were a dog.Dickens shows us how the upper class liked to hurt or honor the fault in everything a lower class person does. Estella insults and intimidates Pip as shown by I misdealt, as way only innate when I knew she way lying in grasp for me to do incorrectly and she denounced me for a stupid, clumsy labouringly boy. This shows the reader how Estella had been clever to look for the fault in people and to be cruel.However the use of I misdealt, as way only indwelling when I knew she was lying in wait for me to do wrong could suggest to the reader that Estella is impatient and cant be bothered to play with someone who is of a lower social status than her. Dickens describes many feelings of Pips which change throughout the regard. This is shown by I think she is very pretty and I think she is very haughty. This is what Pip whispers into Mis s Havishams ear about Estella. This also shows that he has conglomerate feelings for Estella. Dickens supercharge describes Pips feelings about the visit as if I were a dog in disgrace.I was so humiliated, hurt, spurned, pique, angry, naughty I cannot hit upon the right name for the smart graven image knows what its name was that the snap started to my eyes and as I cried, I kicked the wall, and took a name, that ask counteraction. This understandably highlights Pips feeling to the reader. He feels a wide amount of rage that he cannot even describe it himself. He has never matte in much(prenominal) a way before as he has been insulted and offended about it his earthy social enunciate and at the aforementioned(prenominal) time has complex feelings about what he feels for Estella.

Job Costing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Job Costing - Essay ExampleIn numerous arrangements, cost ass be classified in stages, cost classes and cost codes, and this breakdown must be meticulously customized to correctly reflect Dells needs. Dell should disunite by developing a team that go away identify the needs of the company and organizes the structure and approach to be used to achieve them. This team should take on among others, managers, account receivable, accounts payable, as well as payroll personnel since a diverse group will consider the views of numerous people to whom the data will benefit. The team constituted by Dell should meet for discussions on the items on their checklist and find ways of assisting the company to determine what it needs from a job hosting system and then identify an approach and the details that should be monitored. In Dells case, every functional area can be affected by changes to activity-based costing and this makes it imperative to for managers to participate and buy into all t he functional areas. Various people from different departments at Dell bring particular knowledge to their functions which are required to complete the set of activities in the entire company while appreciating the cost drivers of every activity. At Dell, job costing is utilized for the collection of costs associated with direct labor, overhead and direct materials whereby overhead is allocated to computers, which are considered jobs, subject to a predetermined rate of allocation like square footage and machine hours among others(Dussart, 2010).

Human resources, Conflict management Research Paper

Human resources, Conflict management - Research Paper ExampleThis study is a research on various forms of violence in the work places and prevalence in women. The negative effects and assertiveness of employees in the work places result from the fact, that most of these employees have undergone violent situations in their work places. accord to Aquino & Bradfield (2000), the data provided in this journal is random collected from respondents form a City government organization. From the research, violence may be in the form of visible harm, calling of names amongst others. This survey used hierarchical regressions to study the various hypotheses.This research was conducted in a City government organization whose majority publication of workers includes males of thirty years and above and few females. This article carried out research on violence in this organization by examining the statistics that conform to violence in organizations. This research incorporated the use of intervie ws to find out the impacts and prevalence of violence in todays organizations.Out of the 28 respondents selected randomly, 19 respondents were women, 9 were men. The respondents were subjected to questions, which link up to violence in their work place. From a calculation of the percentages of the responses on victimization based on gender, 76% of the total responses indicate that they have undergone violence in their work places. Some of the women indicated that their forms of violence ranged from discrimination on the basis of their medical status, age and the glass ceiling issue. During the interview, other women indicated, that their ambitions towards advancement in their careers proved empty in the organization.From this research, it is evident that gender inequality is one of the major causes of domestic violence in organizations. Unless the management devises a way of curbing violence in the organizations, violence in organizations will continue escalating. The

Trade and Consumer Protection Law-Unfair Trade Practices Essay

Trade and Consumer Protection Law-Unfair Trade Practices - Essay ExampleShe was also promised class extend by Gold Class bus and ferry, along with excellent local guides who could enlighten her about the sites. Additionally, she was compelled to purchase an extra package of Lord of the Rings Experience for $550. She also paid $2000 for maven room accommodation. But her tour was a disappointing one due to the following reasons(a) The information of rescheduling of the Air New Zealand flight was suppressed by Haka get Agency, and was not revealed to her, which made her lose 1 night and 1 day of her tour package against the 12 nights and 13 days tour. This means she was subjected to a pecuniary acquittance equal to the cost of 1night and 1day.(e)There was also a hidden charge for the Lord of the Rings experience. She was forced to pay an extra $150 to the tour guide to sop up it. And the show was a swindling and lacked the promised entertainmentAny advertisement published either in print media or even through other propaganda which involves a client and product/ receipts provider /corporation /company /government, is a contract between the advertiser and the person/group/company when the latter takes the service of the provider. If the service is not provided as per the advertisement, even the public can sue or take legal proceedings against the advertiser for public interest. If the service is not provided as per the advertisement it amounts to breach of contract and as such there arises a legal issue of breach of contract.In the issue stated and based on the problem the customer can sue against the travel agency. But as per Australian law, the breach of contract is not a criminal case.Here the travel agency has suppressed several facts like their in competency in providing services as they promised in their advertisement. And so she is subjected to pecuniary loss due to their shortages and premature and unevenly provision of services.Issues of the caseThis was the

Management principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management principles - Essay ExampleOur company exit strive hard to develop itself as a foremost local fast food brand in the market. We plan to offer the most enchanting services to our customers when they visit our outlet or surf through our website. What we endeavor to deliver, is satisfaction and quality, so that we can establish mutual trust with our customers.Paramount Fast Food Services will contend quality products such as fries, hamburgers, pizzas, hot dogs, sandwiches, ice creams and soft drinks. At our restaurant, customers will enjoy the proactive support of our people. The restaurant will be intentional in a manner to deliver the most relaxed atmosphere to customers. Paramount Fast Food Services restaurant will range from 80 blow meter square and will seat from35-40 guests. The restaurant will remain open all through the week from 8 in the morning to midnight. We will set up the most comfortable furniture in the restaurant along with the installation of air conditi oners and heaters. We will also ensure that our brochures and posters are wellhead distributed in all the parts of the city in order to reach out to our customers. Our restaurant will be adorned with the posters and photographs that highlight our products. In accompaniment to that, we will also be installing a television at the restaurant so that customers can enjoy the food while watching their preferent soccer or cricket match. We will be making special arrangements for the children by allocating a separate play area for them where they can enjoy a variety of games. Thus, the atmosphere will be such that gratifies all our customers. Moreover, take away system is also an essential part of our restaurant and it will be one of our priorities to ensure smooth progress of it. Our restaurant will be located in the heart of London near the Oval Cricket Stadium. This perspective is quite popular in London as people of all ages often come to watch matches during the cricket season. Thi s area is also populated with

Critically examine the context of professionalism, core professional Essay

Critically examine the context of professionalism, core professional values in the Lifelong Learning Sector - prove ExampleOn the other hand, professionalism is a way that someone behaves appropriately in a way that is generally acceptable. In essence, professionalism entails contradictory processes that the practitioners undergo, as a way of achieving their strategic goals.Carr and Kemmis (1986) argue that, a profession must involve the use of theoretical knowledge and research, as the base of the professionals involved. They argued that occupations that can be regarded as professions or disciplines, include medicine, law and engineering. This is due to the fact that, these professions use techniques as sound as skills. In addition, these professions involve commitment of the professionals, who are in these positions in a way that they capture the interest of their clients. Lastly, they argue that these professions are controlled through a set of ethical codes, which help them to achieve their goals. Therefore, looking at the commandment area, it can be referred as a profession, in the sense that it entails the above professional ethics, which are present in these other professions such as medicine and law.Considering a wider sociological thinking, there are greater challenges in terms of professionalism and practice by the professionals. Atkinson & Claxton (2000) argue that professionalism is one of the key factors to citizens modernization. Greater changes in the professional world, have been evident in the past 20 years, and this has led to the self-serving modernization in both civil society as well as other institutions (Clark & Newman 1997). The greater part of the organizations that has changed, is the view of the managers about different professionals, who have the competence to provide the required skills in their professions.As jobs are identify in different categories, they circumvent and maneuver within the professionals, and are based on the p roliferation of the jobs given. Atkinson & Claxton (2000) believe that there is a need to define

The Effect Of Light Intensity On Photosynthesis Of Pondweed Plant Coursework

The Effect Of Light Intensity On Photosynthesis Of Pondweed Plant - Coursework guinea pigLimiting factors are the features, which affect the rate of reaction or control the process depending upon their presence or absence. The law of limiting factor states that, Those reactions which depend on more than one factors to be favorable, then its rate is limited by least favorable value of its limiting factors. For the reaction to be at optimum speed, all... factors need to be at an optimum stage. Concentration of CO2 is one of the main limiting factors of the process, after light intensity. Usual concentration of CO2 in the environment is 0.03%, and it does not change much. There are places where more CO2 is present and the rate of Photosynthesis is higher in those areas. The more concentration of CO2 in the surrounding faster will be the process. Temperature is another factor, which affects the rate of the process by influencing the efficiency of the enzymes working in the process. Opti mum temperature for photosynthesis is between

LAN Networks Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

LAN Networks - Coursework ExampleThey will use the Ethernet cables to draw all the computers, DVR, VoIP phone, and coarse-grained console to the network. They can then hook the router to the modem to connect to the internet. In this way all the devices can access the internet provided that the router is configured and allows them.The justification for the above requirements is that the family is in possession of several devices that need internet connectivity. The recommended devices will make this possible. The modem is connected to the router so that the router access the internet through the ISP assigned IP address. This dynamically assigns each of the devices IP addresses thus enabling the m to access the internet.The enterprise-level company will require a large server room with several servers, routers, bridge, and network switches to connect to the several hundred business users of their network. Each device will connect to the switches via wired or wireless access. Wired ac cess will include Ethernet cable, at least a cat5e twisted pair of the fiber optic Ethernet cable.The network switch will be used for routing information from their network to the internet. The routers will be the gateway to the network thus will be used to connect the enterprises LAN and the internet thus giving them access to a good firewall. The bridges will be used to direct the traffic over the network.The three most common types of server applications are email servers, magnetic inclination server, and Telnet servers. Email servers are computers that keep records of each and every mail that comes in and leaves the network. List servers are computers that for the users or one way list that gives announcements, newsletters or charge advertising. Telnet servers are computers that help the users to sign in to host computers and perform tasks as if they are working on their computers.Even though the servers can be combined, I will not combine all of them. I will implement two

Article Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Article Reflection - Essay ExampleImportantly, input of the teachers expertise in the procreational growth of the students enables them to develop their creativity. Teachers from working class schools ar not enthusiastic about developing the skills of their students beyond the curriculum requirements. However, instructors from elite and affluent schools assist students in nurturing life and career skills that will benefit students well beyond the school years (Anyon, 1980). These differences bring about the imbalance in the quality of students from the two institutions. Generally, scholars from elite and affluent schools have additional skills other than the basic educational requirements of curriculums. Essentially, these skills assist the students overcome numerous life hurdles and enhance their problem lick capabilities Introduction Education is an essential necessity that the government usually provides to its citizens. Governments are the major providers of education since they meet a sizeable part of their annual budgets. However, the education system is inclusive of privately funded institutions, which offer a competitive edge to their students in comparison to the public schools. Anyon, (1980) confirms the variations of the students are sparking intense debate of the merits of different education systems. It is inevitable to question the characteristics that define the preference of either of the two education systems. ... Understanding, present schooling requires evaluation of objectives, structures and political dynamics. Evidently, individuals assume schools solely teach curriculums, for instance, Math, Chemistry, and alfresco activities, such as sports and club participation. Schools are avenues that mould the future of the student socially, intellectually, politically and culturally. Implications of the Social Status on Education According to Anyon (1980), the research could distinguish the educational requirements into four social strata. These include the working schools, middle class schools, affluent professional schools and executive elite institutions (Anyon, 1980). Students educational capabilities are mainly improved or hindered by their families socioeconomic standing. Several factors hinder educations role as the great equalizer of individuals from diverse communities. Schools parcel children form meager income families encounter numerous hurdles, for example, attracting qualified teachers, less parental support and meeting students requirements (Anyon, 1980). The differences in the students cognitive capabilities start from their experience in kindergartens up to higher educational institutions. Work Objective of Schools According to Anyon (1980), the different school classes display different performance objectives and procedures that their teachers practice. The teachers yield is vital in shaping the cognitive abilities of the students. Working class schools mainly entails procedural routines and less of discretion in performance of the curriculum objectives. Such procedures settle the imaginative capabilities of the teachers therefore, they are incapable of informing their students how to scrutinize procedures

Planning and management of public relation campaigns Essay - 1

Planning and management of world relation campaigns - Essay ExampleThird, the Chartered Institute of Public transaction (CIPR) defined public relations as about reputation and the planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain goodwill and mutual understanding between an physical composition and its publics (Langley, 2009).The roles of public relations practitioners are diverse, depending on the size, nature, and aims of their organizations. Their roles can include, but not limited to, the following (1) cause or relationship marketing- creating and preserving relationships to build customer consignment (2) communication- sharing ideas, messages, or opinions through verbal/nonverbal/oral expressions (3) community relations- build relationships between/among organizations that impact one another (4) crisis management- responding to different kinds of crises and maximizing potentially positive outcomes (5) integrated marketing communication (IMC)- merging PR, marketing, and advertising to attain a uniform marketing approach (6) issues management- identifying organizational issues and responding to them and (7) media relations- creating relationships between media and the organization (Johnston & Zawawi, 2014). The design of this paper is to describe how a PR campaign is planned and managed in general across different organizations and sectors.The purpose of planning PR campaigns is to attain come in and some control and predictability over them (Gregory, 2010). Planning provides a sense of direction, clarification of important aims and goals, and ability to manage objectives, as well as processes and outcomes (Austin & Pinkleton, 2015). In addition, public relations must function to support and align itself with organizational vision, mission, and goals (Gregory, 2010). Strategic planning improves the ability of PR to determine PRs contribution to the company, the processes and go involved to attain aims and objectives, and metrics and standards for evaluation (Gregory, 2010).Planning refers to analyzing

Asbestos Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Asbestos - Essay ExampleAn estimated 1.3 million employees in the construction and general industriousness are at risk. No doubt, we are exposed to a certain level of asbestos material all the time. Asbestos, in the finished form, does not pose whatever health hazard. Remodelling, repair, maintenance, demolition, sale and transport combined with rough handling all can release these deadly fibres into water or air2. Inhalation of these fibres for a never-ending period could be extremely dangerous. . Chrysotile, a fibrous mineral which neither burns nor rots, flexible with maximum tensile strength, extremely useful, lightweight, can create a formidable surface mixed with cementing materials, could be used as high temperature seals and gaskets, known over 2000 years, first mined in Russia, Italy and Canada. Old products, unlike todays alter technological unrivalleds, crumbled easily under pressure and released more prejudicial fibres. All these fibres are non-inflammableAsbestos is a highly emotive topic with two shrill schools of thought, one saying that asbestos should be banned another arguing that asbestos of today would not be a killer. European Union (EU)3 and the United Kingdom (UK)4 both get by that asbestos is carcinogenic and targets multiple organs of the dust inhaler. According to their rules all types of asbestos are harmful and there is no safe level of exposure and the weight of picture to support this is incontrovertible and historical. It is impossible to control the exposure to asbestos in workplace and hence, alternative products must be used. Asbestos should be discarded as a harmful object and should be banned, to protect public health. This risk-based approach depends on the fact that there is no identified lower exposure limit to which workers can be safely exposed.5 In spite of the overwhelming medical reports, there is little scientific research evidence to back this viewpoint and the entire exercise seems to be more of a public emo tional grandstand. Asbestos is heat resistant and is used in a wide variety of industrial and domestic appliances and this makes it particularly rocky to avoid it tout ensemble. It is a mineral fibre used in a variety of building construction materials for insulation and it is also a fire-retardant. The necessity of completely stopping the usage too is questioned by many scientists. The Canadian Chrysotile Institute

BCEN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BCEN - Essay Exampleorever Young is guided by a mission to become the worlds leading distributor of complete sustenances, create a healthy family for the future through quality products, enhanced supply chains and well-trained staff. We are committed to a better tommorow and get out, therefore, use the available technology to ensure node experience is enhanced.Our greatest strength is the goodwill and continuous encouragement that we have received from our clients. In the tolerate twelve months, our customer base grew with a margin of 15% on referrals alone. The referrals signified the great deal of trust placed on our products by our clients. The customer loyalty we enjoy makes it possible for us to make profits above break-even. In numbers, we cater for about 30 million households with a potential of ontogeny the number to 100 million in the next five years. As we venture into the world market, we are encouraged by the fact that the organic food market is growing each year an d has a net value of US$45million which hasnt been fully achieved.Over the years, Forever Young has acquired state of the art equipment that give our products a competitive edge in quality and cost efficiency. Being able to achieve high quality at low prices is a strength that any firm would like to achieve, and we have done it with the corporation from our highly trained staff.In such an expensive market, capital can be a limiting factor. For us though the amount of capital available for investment is high and the continuous interests from investors and our good credit rating give us an advantage when it comes to requesting for funds for new investments.In our 12 years of operation, we have developed a strong staff training regime that allows us to lock and attract the best experts in the market. This strong programme has ensured that staff morale is always high which reflects in our sales and customer service provision. perfect foods have never been cheap since production cost i s high. With

English Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

English - Research Paper ExampleIn this paper, I will seek to prove that Franz Kafkas scat has been to some extent influenced (directly or indirectly) by A Thousand and star Nights (Kafka, The Metamorphosis 67). The Research To come up with this, I had to do a agglomerate of in depth research on all books and writers. This required me to re-read the book, A Thousand and One Nights, first. Next, I researched on the themes of the various books and the stylistic devices employed by the two writers in their books. I read reviews, journals, documentaries and watched movies made from all of the books mentioned above. While most of what I read seemed to confirm my idea, most materials did not share this idea, and I had to differ from them. The main challenge I encountered in my research is that no previous material has been written regarding this topic. As such, I had to start my research from cultivated cabbage to confirm my ideas. This required extensive and intense reading which kept me awake for days. Luckily, the two books have many reviews on themes and stylistic devices, and I was lucky to imply to them (Foulkes 23). The comparison Transformation as the main theme In my research, I discovered that break has been employed in changing the behavior and attitude of the characters. In A Thousand and One Nights, the story of The Merchant and Hind has transformation as a major theme. This is observed when the witchs wife goes on a journey leaving his witch-wife with the adopted son. The witch-wife, who is extremely ungrateful, uses her witchcraft to transform the adopted son into a calf. She also goes ahead to transform her husbands other wife into a alarm. When the husband returns, the witch informs him that his adopted son disappeared while his slave woman passed on. In the next eight months, the woman remained in the state of a cow without the husband having any idea about it. During the feat of Bairam, the husband asked the servant to choose any fat cow for their sacrifice. The cow he chose turned out to be her beloved wife. Although the woman was now transformed into a cow, she still possessed human consciousness. She lowed piteously in a bid to beg for mercy. With eyes streaming with tears. The husband tried to kill her but was unable. The servant killed her. Upon slaughtering her, they discovered that she was nothing but bones and skin, in spite of looking so fat. In Metamorphosis, the main character, Gregor Samsa wakes up to find himself transformed into an insect (Kafka 13). This transformation serves to change his entire family. Prior to this, they all depended on him for their pecuniary needs. However, when he becomes an insect and can no longer work, they are forced to start working to earn their own money. The similarity between this transformation and the transformation of the woman in the story above shows that Kafka borrowed from A Thousand and One Nights (ONeill Pp. 408-409). Use of living organism characters One of th e aspects used in poetry is the use of animal characters. This helps to criticize human characters in a more acceptable and friendly way (Sperling Pp. 70-84). The Husband and The Parrot is one of the stories in A Thousand and One Nights that uses animal characters. In the story, the wife offends her good husband. The parrot is aware of this and tells the husband of this offence. The husband scolds the wife. To revenge this act, the woman lies to the parrot that it was raining. The parrot informs the

Contemporary issues in management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Contemporary issues in behavement - Essay ExampleGabriel (1995) posited that a terrain exists inside every organisation that is impossible to manage and it comprises employees as individuals and as groups engaged in various spontaneous and unsupervised activities. This gray area of an organisation is referred to unmanaged organisation. The author has described the unmanaged organisation as a dream world within an organisation where emotions, anxieties and desires are expressed in the form of heightened irrational constructs. The author discussed that the major influence in this regard is head game while stories, myths, nicknames, jokes, graffiti and gossip form various landmarks. Gabriel (1995) also pointed that unmanaged property within an organisation is multidimensional, affluent in terms of information. According to the author, besides cosmos a privileged domain within the managed organisation, fantasy can be considered as a symbolic reorganising of various official practices of a firm in favour of aesthetic pleasure that allows momentary supremacy of sentiments over organisational rationality.Patient, Lawrence and Maitlis (2003) pointed that there are a number of reasons because of which researchers consider workplace as an ideal space for studying emotions as most individuals spend a lot of time and significant portion of their lives at workplace and integrate their energy and ambition therein. freezing and Robinson (1998) supported the authors by suggesting that contemporary workplaces are increasingly becoming stressful.

Ground Zero Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ground Zero - Essay ExampleThe tower symbolizes the continuation of the life of the city. It is the highest and the most beautiful and safest tower in America. The Twin Towers were protected against inundation by the river by a slurry wall. Ground Zero Supertower has an ultra-strong concrete core with the fastest elevators in the Western hemisphere. Staircases have been intentional extra-wide and pressurized to ensure that they are capable of keeping the smoke out. The underground 9/11 museum has huge archeological significance.I learnt a lot from the view with enjoy to engineering design and construction methodology. This video revealed the importance of the safety of the core of a building. Structural safety is even more important than aesthetics, and combination of the twain makes a wonderful modern-age structure. This video offers something to everybody to connect with for some, Ground Zero Supertower is where their memories of the loved ones are preserved for others, it is an innovative and newest engineering

Stakeholder Analysis- Fracking Essay Example for Free

Stakeholder Analysis- Fracking EssayPursuing hydraulic fracturing as a top manager of Chevron, I testament describe the dilemmas that are associated with fracking. The first problem with this procedure is finding the appropriate degrade and leasing it from the landowners. With talk around the country, it can be difficult finding land because of landowners personal experience with the practice of hydraulic fracturing. In southwestern Pennsylvania there have been cases of animal birth defects, faucet erosion, stomach pains, and other health issues in response, according to the New York Times, Range Resources maintains that a D. E.P. study from 2010 indicates no air pollution of any kind (Griswold, 2011). The country is torn in the centerfield of believing in natural gases and not believing. According to Huffington Post, A report that the Congressional Research Service, which provides policy and legal analysis to the U.S. Congress, published in November similarly seems to suppo rt the industrys sales pitch Given existing data, more or less indications point to the changes in the natural gas industry as positive(p) to the overall U.S. economy (Peeples, 2013) but there are still skeptics.The issue that my company is facing in expanding the operations within this industry is, mainly, the uncertainty of the longsighted term effects the fracking procedure is possibly contributing to. According to msnbc, fracking is causing earthquakes. Federal scientists presented a newborn study this week to the American Geophysical heart and soul that suggests natural gas drilling is the likely culprit behind a skyrocketing number of earthquakes in the Raton Basin in Colorado and New Mexico companies began injecting whats called sewer water fluid from natural gas drilling into the Earth ( Gentile, 2012). Different prevalentations are distributing articles of studies of health effects and environmental issues that hydraulic fracturing are causing. This in response is ef fecting the potential growth for Chevron.My team is conducting a stakeholder analysis and we have determined several stakeholders which include the government, D.E.P., media, owners, shareholders, environmentalists, general world. Also established are the interests of each stakeholder. With the general public interests being in their health, voting is one male monarch they could use to voice their concerns. Environmentalists and the D.E.P. are interested in the pollution fracking is causing and the D.E.P. could use their legal power to help regulate the pollution. The concerns of the shareholders are the profits of the company and voting is their power they could use to fake problems within the organization. With the power of economics, the owners are interested in the advantage of the company. The media is concerned with the public knowing both sides of the issue. Lastly, one main interest in the government is the reconstructing of the economy and what hydraulic fracturing coul d create in jobs.The stakeholders that are most likely to resonate with the public are the general public, media, and the environmentalists. With media producing stories of the public being affected by the pollution and the environmentalists undergoing studies on the environment, this could create a negative frame on fracking companies. Considering all the stakeholders, the one stakeholder that holds the most urgency is the general public that is being affected. The general public is the most urgent because they are being put-upon and their voices are being heard throughout the country which is causing confrontational issues. Different coalitions could be formed by the environmentalists and the government. Different politicians could lobby to get a bill pass and environmentalists could form to fight bills. My recommendation for the companys consideration is to invest in more resource of the different affects fracking is causing and to fix the environmental issues that are caused.Id eally, Chevron should follow the triple bottom line perspective because all three elements (planet, profit, and people) are strongly involved. But with the uncertainty of the new procedures and all the different effects, the stakeholder approach is more realistic for Chevron. Chevron could prioritize their stakeholders and focus on each of their needs. This company holds ethical responsibility to the general public because of the health hazards that are surrounding the drill sites. The legal responsibility the company has is to follow the regulations that are formed by the D.E.P.Works Cited1.) Grizwold, E. (2013). The Fracturing of Pennsylvania. http//www.nytimes.com/2011/11/20/ cartridge clip/fracking-amwell-township.html?pagewanted=all_r=1 2.) Gentile, S. (2012). Fracking is transforming our energy economy- but its also causing earthquakes. http//tv.msnbc.com/2012/12/08/fracking-transformed-our-energy-economy-but-its-also-causing-earthquakes/ 3.) Peeples, L. (2013). Fracking in Pe nnsylvania Sets Up Dilemma For Locals Quick Money Or Long border Health Concerns. http//www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/25/fracking-pennsylvania-natural-gas-lease-landman_n_2546824.html?ir=greenutm_campaign=012513utm_medium=emailutm_source=Alert-greenutm_content=FullStory

Greek Mythology and Athena Essay Example for Free

Greek Mythology and genus Athene Essay1. True myth is primarily concerned witha. the gods b. wars c. heroes d. animals2. What does genus Athene offer to Athens in her contest with Poseidon? a. the knowledge of weaving b. the olive tree c. victory in battle d. wisdom 3. What goddess does Iris usually serve?a. Athena b. Aphrodite c. Artemis d. Hera4. With what goddess is Hephaestus often associated by dint of practical wisdom, arts and crafts, and the advance of civilization? a. Hera b. Artemis c. Athena d. Aphrodite5. Which goddess is not one of the three goddesses that Aphrodite was unable to overpower? a. Demeter b. Artemis c. Athena d. Hestia6. Why did Gaia punish Uranus?a. He killed their children as soon as they were born. b. He refused to lie with Gaia when she came to him. c. He refused to allow their children to leave the womb of earth. d. He wanted Themis to take her incurs place. 7. What animal is Athena most closely identified with?a. the owl b. the dolphin c. the spider d. the lion8. Aphrodite Pandemos doer which of the following?a. Celestial Aphrodite b. Common Aphrodite c. Genital Aphrodite d. Lustful Aphrodite 9. What Trojan jejuneness did Zeus carry off to become cupbearer of the gods? a. Hebe b. Ganymede c. Hector d. Paris10. What does the word chthonic or cthonian mean?a. pertaining to the sea b. having to do with the earth c. related to the cast away d. characteristic of the citadel 11. Who wrote the Theogony?a. Homer b. Hesiod c. Vergil d. Ovid12. Whom did Poseidon mate with in the form of a stallion?a. Demeter b. Medusa c. Amphitrite d. Scylla13. Who wrote the Prometheus Bound?a. Ovid b. Euripides c. Aeschylus d. Plato14. Which of the following is not an epithet of Athena?a. genus Athene b. Glaukopis c. Metis d. Tritogeneia15. Who is the consort of Poseidon?a. Galatea b. Scylla c. Amphitrite d. Thetis16. Who is the hunter that caught Artemis bathing?a. Orion b. Arcas c. Actaeon d. Tityos17. Which best describes an etiological interpret ation of myth? a. It attempts to see myth as a metaphor. b. It attempts to understand myth in terms of an underlying ritual. c. It attempts to see myth as a pre-scientific mode of explanation. d. It attempts to uncover the historical kernel behind all myth. 18. In some versions of her birth, who is the mother of Aphrodite? a. Ge b. Hera c. Cybele d. Dione19. Who will eventually rescue Prometheus from his sufferings? a. Heracles b. Perseus c. Zeus d. Achilles20. What god gave Theseus three curses?a. Zeus b. Apollo c. Proteus d. Poseidon21. What is the name of the guardian that was set over Io?a. Charon b. Cerberus c. Hermes d. argus pheasant22. Who wrote the Hippolytus?a. Sophocles b. Euripides c. Aeschylus d. Seneca23. Who at times appears as the particular servant of Hera? a. Hermes b. Hestia c. Iris d. Diana24. What is the name of the Graces, who attend Aphrodite?a. the Horae b. the Moirae c. the Charites d. the Graeae25. What did Artemis promise Hippolytus as he lay dying?a. She will foment him from the dead. b. She will grant him a place in Elysium. c. She will punish a favorite of Aphrodite. d. She will punish Theseus for his curse. 26. What goddesses does Hesiod invoke at the beginning of the Theogony? a. the Fates b. the Graces c. the Muses d. the Sirens27. With whom does Athena share her function as a deity of war? a. Apollo b. Hephaestus c. Ares d. Mercury28. What is the hallmark of the Greek conception of the Olympians? a. animism b. theriomorphism c. anthropomorphism d. monotheism 29. Who is the mother of Zeus?a. Ge b. rhea c. Gaea d. Cybele30. What is the most distinguishing feature of the Greek gods? a. omniscience b. omnipotence c. immortality d. physical stature Part II Short Answer (2 points each)31. What is the Roman name of Poseidon?32. What is the Greek term that means a sacred marriage?33. Who is Theseus father in the Hippolytus?34. Who was the sculptor who created a statue that came to life? 35. What is the Roman name for Athena?36. Wha t does the Greek word mythos mean?37. together with what creature is Scylla usually mentioned? 38. What does Pandoras name mean?39. To what force may Zeus himself be subject?40. Who is the mother of the Muses?Part III Essay (20 points)Write an adjudicate on one of the questions listed below. Be sure to make direct reference to primary sources (i.e. passages included in the textbook of ancient authors) to support your statements with the exception of the textbook, do not tooshie your word of honor on any other secondary sources. The essay must be 200-250 words in length. When referring to primary sources, include the following (1) page fare of textbook on which passage occurs, (2) name of the ancient author, (3)title of ancient work from which passage is taken, (4) location within ancient work in which passage occurs. (a) demonstrate Zeus . Include within your discussion an identification of his attributes and the myths associated with him. What do the myths communicate about h is character and qualities? or(b) Discuss Athena . Include within your discussion an identification of her attributes and the myths associated with her. What do the myths communicate about her character and qualities?

Study On The Oriental School Of Economic Thought History Essay

Study On The Oriental School Of Economic Thought History EssayThe oriental school of scotch vista basically deals with the study of the origin of economic thought from heterogeneous ancient societies including the Hindu, Hebrew, Indian, Roman, Greek, and Islamic societies. It has been observed that the main area looked into by the Hebrews and Hindus was based on agricultural economic science and all this information was drawn from the writing of the pious virtue givers who were present at the time. These ancient writings consisted of ideas on various economic aspects such as division of compass, cottage industries, forest and mines, trade and trading practices, concept of wealth, transport, banking and loans, etc. Some of the writers who also played a role in the development of this economic thought include Roman writers such as Cicero, Pliny Gato, Varro and Columella.During this period, and until the industrial revolution, economics was not a separate sort but part of philo sophy. Its evolution into a distinct discipline of study in the social sciences can be attributed greatly to these early writers. Roman law also developed the contract recognizing that planning and commitments everyplace time are necessary for efficient production and trade. This large body of law was unified as the Corpus Juris Civilis in the 530s AD by Justinian, who was Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire. In ancient India, Chulavamsa records that Parakramabahu of Sri Lanka had debased the currency of Ancient Sri Lanka in order to set up property to support this large outgo infrastructure projects. Parakramabahu also pi whizered free trade during his reign. Many of the topics discussed during these ancient times are electrostatic prevalent in modern economics, including discussions on the management of a solid and efficient thrift and the ethics of economics. These ancient thoughts also focused on issues of welfare, for instance, redistribution of wealth during a famine. s tatement OF THE PROBLEMAncient economic thought is very much wide and its study provides a broad basis for comparison of the ancient approach to economic issues as compared to issues arising in the modern world economies. The large number of ancient thinkers who contributed to this thought differed in beliefs and practices. Also, information on some of these ancient cultural-economic practices is very meager and thus makes this enquiry into the oriental school of economic thought necessary so as to be able to get a better disposition of the underlying economic issues of both the past and present.JUSTIFICATIONWith the evolution of economics, many writers have come up with different theories ab surface different areas in the subject. So as to be able to critically assess these different theories and understand the unity which connects us with the ancient times, knowledge on the origin of the early stages of economic thought is necessary for one to be able to take a well informed and unbiased stand on contentious economic issues arising immediately and hence the need for this study.OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYTo understand the principles and concepts of the oriental school of economic thought.To know the key contributors of ancient economic thought.To evaluate and criticize how the ancient societies carried out their economic activities.To find out the major contributions of the oriental school of thought to the body of knowledge that exists like a shot.To get a clearer understanding of the position of economics as a distinct member of a group of social sciences.Ancient near EastEconomic organizations in the earliest civilizations of the Fertile Crescent were operate by the need to efficiently grow crops in the river basins. The Euphrates and Nile Valleys were homes to earliest examples of codified measurements written in base 60 and Egyptian fractions. Keepers of royal granaries and absentee Egyptian province owners reported in the Heganakht Papyri. Historians of this period note that the major tool of accounting for agrarian societies, the sales used to measure texture inventory, reflected dual religious and honest symbolic meaning. The Erlenmeyer tablets give a picture of Sumerian production in the Euphrates valley round 2, 200 2, 100 B.C., and shows an understanding of the relationship between grain and labour inputs (valued in female labour days) and outputs and an emphasis on efficiency. Egyptians measured work output in man-days. The development of civilise economic administration proceed in the Euphrates and Nile Valleys during the Babylonian Empire and Egyptian Empires when trading units spread finished the Near East within pecuniary systems.Egyptian fraction and base 60 monetary units were extended in use and transformation to Greek, early Islamic culture, and medieval cultures. By 1202 A.D, Leonardo Pisa Fibonacci use of zip and Vedic-Islamic numerals motivated Europeans to apply zero as an exponent, birthing modern dec imals 350 years afterward. The city states of Sumer developed a trade market parsimony based originally on the commodity money of the shekel which was a certain weight measure of barley, while the Babylonians and their city state neighbours later developed the earliest system of economics using a measured of various commodities, which was fixed in a legal code. The early law codes from Sumer could be considered the first (written) economic formula, and had many attributes still in use in the current price system today, such as codified amounts of money for business deals (interest rates), fines in money for wrong doing, hereditary pattern rules, laws concerning how private property is to be taxed or divided, etc.Ancient Greco-Roman worldSome prominent classical scholars assert that relevant economic thought was based on metaphysical principles which are incommensurate with contemporary dominant economic theories such as neo-classical economics. However, several ancient Greek and Roman thinkers made various economic observations in particular Aristotle and Xenophon. Many other Greek writings show understanding of sophisticated economic concepts. For instance, a form of Greshams law is presented in Aristophanes Frogs, and beyond Platos application of sophisticated mathematical advances diverged by the Pythagoreans in his appreciation of flat money in his Laws (742 a-b) and in the pseudo-Platonic dialogue, Eryxlas.Bryson of Heraclea was a neo-platonic who is cited as having heavily influenced early Muslim economic scholarship. The influence of Babylonian and Persian thought on Greek administrative economics is present in the work of Greek historian Xenophon. Discussions of economic principles are in particular present in his Oeconomicus, his biography of Cyrus the Great, Cyropaedia, Hiero and slipway and Means. Hiero is a minor work which includes discussion of leaders stimulating private production and technology through various means including public re cognition and awarding of prizes. Ways and Means is a short treatise on economic development, and showed an understanding of the importance of taking advantage of economies of scale and advocated laws promoting foreign merchants. The Oeconomicus disc uses the administration of agricultural land. In the work, subjective personal value of goods is analyzed and compared with exchange value Xenophon gives an example of a horse which whitethorn be of no use to a person who does not know how to handle it, but still has exchange value. In Cyropaedia, Xenophon presents what in hindsight can be seen as the foundation for a theory of fair exchange in the market which will result in the analysis of better fit or suitability to either party who wants to purchase the same item. Xenophon discusses the concept of division of labour, referencing specialized cooks and workers in a shoe making stock. Marx attributes to Cyropaedia the idea that the division of labour correlates to the size of a marke t.Roman law developed the contract recognizing that planning and commitments over time are necessary for efficient production and trade.Ancient IndiaChulavamsa records that Parakramabahu I of Sri Lanka had debased the currency of Ancient Sri Lanka in order to produce monies to support his large scale infrastructure projects. Parakramabahu I also pioneered free trade during his reign, a war was fought with Burma to defend free trade.Chanakya (c. 350 BC 275 BC) considered economic issues. He was a professor of Political Science at the Takshashila University of Ancient India, and later the Prime look of the Mauryan Emperor, Chandragupta Maurya. He wrote the Arthashastra (science of material gain). Many of the topics discussed in the Arthashastra are still prevalent in modern economics, including its discussions in the management of an efficient and solid economy. Chanakya also focuses on issues of welfare, for instance, redistribution of wealth during a famine and the collective ethi cs that h obsolescent a society together.The Arthashastra argues for an autocracy managing an efficient or solid economy. The qualities described are in effect that of a command economy. It discusses the ethics of economics and the duties and obligations of a king. Chanakya writes on the economic duties of a kingThe king shall be ever active in the management of the economy.The root of wealth is economic activity and lack of it brings material distress.In the absence of fruitful economic activity, both current prosperity and approaching growth will be destroyed.A king can achieve the desired objectives and abundance of riches by undertaking productive economic activity.Ancient ChinaIdeal and effective economic form _or_ system of government was long sort for in ancient China, one of the greatest early reformers being the Emperor Qin Shi Huang (r. 221 BC 210 BC), who standardized coin currency throughout the old warring states once he unified them under a strong central bureaucrac y (which the cabbage dynasty had always lacked). However, one of the greatest reformists in China lived during the medieval Song dynasty (960 1279 AD), that being Chancellor Wang Anshi (1021 1086 AD). Wang Anshis political religious sect of the New Policies Group enacted a serial of reforms that centered on military reform, bureaucratic reform and economic reform. The economic reforms included low cost loans for farmers who he considered the backbone of the Chinese economy in terms of production of goods and the greatest source of the land tax. Replacing the corvee labour service with a tax instead, he enacted government monopolies on crucial industries producing tea, salt, and wine, adit of local militia to ease the budget spending on the official standing army of one million troops and the establishment of a pay Planning Commission staffed largely by political loyalists so that his reforms could pass quickly with less time for conservatives to oppose it in court.Medieval Is lamic servicemanTo some degree, the early Muslims based their economic analyses on the Quran (such as the opposition of riba, interest) and from Sunnah, the sayings and doings of Muhammad.Early Muslim thinkers, Al-Ghazali (1058 1111 A.D.) classified economics as one of the sciences connected with religion, along with metaphysics, ethics and psychology. Authors have noted, however, that this connection has not caused early Muslim economic thought to remain static.Persian philosopher Nasir al-Din-al-Tusi (1201 1274) presents an early definition of economics (what he calls Hekmat-e-madani, the science of city life) in discourse three of his ethics the study of universal laws governing the public interest welfare in so far as they are directed, through cooperation, toward the optimal (i.e. perfection).Many scholars trace the history of economic thought through the Muslim world, which was in a halcyon Age from the 8th to 13th century and whose philosophy continued the work of the Gre ek Hellenistic thinkers and came to influence Aquinas when Europe rediscovered Greek philosophy through Arabic translation. A common theme among these scholars was the praise of economic activity and even self-interested accumulation of wealth. The influence of earlier Greek and Hellenistic thought on the Muslim world began largely when Abbasid Caliph al-Mamun, who sponsored the translation of Greek texts into Arabic in the 9th century by Syrian Christians in Baghdad. But already by that time numerous Muslim scholars had written on economic issues, and early Muslim leaders had shown sophisticated attempts to enforce fiscal and monetary financing, use of shortfall financing, use of taxes to encourage production, use of credit instruments for banking, including rudimentary savings and checking of accounts, and contract law.The origins of capitalism and free markets can be traced back to Caliphate where the first market economy and earliest form of merchant capitalism took root between the 8th and 12th centuries, which some refer to as Islamic capitalism. A vigorous monetary economy was created on the basis of expanding levels of circulation of a stable high-value currency (the dinar) and the integration of monetary areas that were previously independent. Innovative new business techniques and forms of business organizations were introduced by economists, merchants and traders during this time. such innovations included the earliest trading companies, credit cards, big businesses, contracts, bills of exchange, long distance, international trade, the first forms of partnerships and the earliest forms of credit, debt, profit, loss, capital (al-mal), capital accumulation (nama-al-mal), circulating capital, capital expenditure, tax, cheques, promissory notes, trusts, startup companies, savings accounts, transactional accounts, pawning, loaning, exchange rates, bankers, money changers, ledgers, deposits, assignments, the double entry bookkeeping system, and lawsuits .MAIN FINDINGSAfter going through the history of the oriental school of thought in the previous section, the following economic aspects come out clearly as having been discovered and practiced by these early thinkersThe Concept of Production and engineering scienceAncient leaders stimulated private production and technology through various means including public recognition and awarding of prizes to successful inventors and producers.Economies of ScaleWays and Means was a short treatise on economic development written by Xenophon, which showed an understanding of the importance of taking advantage of economies of scale in production activity and advocated for laws promoting foreign merchants.Administration of Agricultural LandAgriculture was considered the most dignified occupation. In ancient India, the state took a leading part in developing agriculture and also demanded a fixed share of the gross produce.Price systemThe early law codes from Sumer were the first (written) economi c formula, and had many attributes still in use in the current price system today, such as codified amounts of money for business deals (interest rates), fines in money for wrong doing, inheritance rules, laws concerning how private property is to be taxed or divided, etc.Grain and Labour Inputs RelationshipThe Erlenmeyer tablets gave a picture of Sumerian production in the Euphrates valley around 2, 200 2, 100 B.C., and showed an understanding of the relationship between grain and labour inputs (valued in female labour days) and outputs and an emphasis on efficiency in production. product of WorkThe Egyptians measured work output in man-days.Monetary UnitsThe Egyptian fraction and base 60 monetary units were extended in use and diversity to Greek, early Islamic culture, and medieval cultures. By 1202 A.D, Leonardo Pisa Fibonacci use of zero and Vedic-Islamic numerals motivated Europeans to apply zero as an exponent, birthing modern decimals 350 years later and hence the developmen t of monetary units.ValueSubjective personal value of goods was analyzed and compared with exchange value. Xenophon gave an example of a horse which may be of no use to a person who does not know how to handle it, but still has exchange value.Theory of Fair ExchangeXenophon presented what in hindsight could be seen as the foundation of a theory of fair exchange in the market which will result in the analysis of better fit or suitability to either party who wants to purchase the same item.Division of LabourXenophon discussed the concept of division of labour, with reference to specialized cooks and workers in a shoe making shop who specialised in different tasks.Free TradeParakramabahu I pioneered free trade during his reign, this is evident because a war was fought with Burma to defend free trade in ancient India.WelfareIn India the leaders insisted on ensuring that the population as a whole has to be well looked after. For example, Chanakya focused on issues of welfare, for instanc e, redistribution of wealth during a famine and the collective ethics that held a society together.Standardized Coin CurrencyEmperor Qin Shi Huang of Ancient China, standardized coin currency throughout the old warring states after he unified them under a strong central bureaucracy.Low Cost Loans For FarmersIn Ancient China Wang Anshis political faction of the New Policies Group enacted a series of reforms that centered on military reform, bureaucratic reform and economic reform. The economic reforms included low cost loans for farmers whom he considered to be the backbone of the Chinese economy in terms of production of goods and the greatest source of the land tax.Land TaxThis was a source of revenue for the Ancient Chinese government from farmers, because during that period agriculture was the main driver of the economy.Fiscal and Monetary FinancingThe Muslim leaders enforced various policy measures including fiscal and monetary financing, use of deficit financing, use of taxes t o encourage production and use of credit instruments for banking.BankingThe early Muslim leaders had shown sophisticated attempts indlucing rudimentary savings and checking accounts, and contract law.Monetary EconomyBetween the 8th and 12th centuries, which some refer to as the period of Islamic capitalism, a vigorous monetary economy was created on the basis of expanding levels of circulation of a stable high-value currency (the dinar) and the integration of monetary areas that were previously independent of each other.SUGGESTIONSThe social organization manifested by the ancient civilizations should be critically looked at and applied to solve some socioeconomic problems still present today, especially in the developing nations.The organization of government and verbal expression of policies during the ancient times leaves a lot to be admired. Governments of the modern economies should pick some of these values.The concept of politics being looked at separately from economics and policy formulation should be followed in todays modern economies for faster development and equality in the distribution of wealth.Welfare economics should be taken as seriously as it was taken in ancient times. For example, during periods of drought or famine, governments should not let particular groups of people suffer and instead they should distribute the available resources to the entire population. codaTheres no question or doubt as to whether ancient economic philosophies are still in extensive use today. The modern economy has evolved over centuries to become what it is today. The study of the history of economic thought enables the student to appreciate the contributions various writers have made to development of economics as a discipline. Although ancient economic theories were sometimes unclear, contradictory, or presented in a rudimentary manner, they form the basis of economic analysis today. These theories are still being used today by the worlds largest and most com plicated and sophisticated economies.BIBLIPGRAPHYFalgas, Matthew E. Zarkadoulia, A. Effie, (2006). Arab Science in the Golden Age (750-1258) and Today. The FASEB Journal 20(10) 1581-1586.Hosseini, S. Hamid (2003). Contributions of Medieval Muslim Scholars to the History of Economic Thought and their jolt A Refutation of the Schumpeterian Great Gap.S. Lowry (2003). Ancient Medieval Economics. In Biddle, Jeff E. Davis, Jon B. Samuels, Warren J.A Companion to the History of Economic Thought. Malden, MA Blackwell pp. 11-27.Schumpeter, Joseph (1954). History of Economic Analysis. New York, Oxford University Press.

Problem Statement And Methodology Engineering Essay

Problem Statement And Methodology Engineering EssayRefrigeration or Cooling may be defined as the carry out of removing shake uping establishment. This process may be accomplished by using one of the refrigeration systems vapor compression, absorption or thermoelectricalal refrigeration systems. The first deuce systems accept blue and minuscule pressure situations of a working fluid to complete the refrigeration cycle. The thermoelectric refrigeration system, however, uses electrons rather than refrigerant as a waken carrier. (Davis, 2005) thermoelectric coolers are greatly needed, particularly for the developing countries situation where long life and low attention are needed. In this aspect, thermoelectrics pilenot be ch anyenged, in arouse of the fact that their co issuingual performance is not as high as for a vapor compression cycle. Thermoelectric refrigerators take a air the advantages of being small, lightweight, rugged, reliable, and insensitive to orientation, noiseless, portable and low cost in mass production. (Davis, 2005) Thermoelectric cooler has been widely used in military, aerospace, instrument, and industrial or commercial products, as a chill wrench for specific purposes. This technology has existed for nearly 40 years. (Riffat, 2000) umteen researchers are concerned about the physical properties of the thermoelectric material and the manufacturing technique of thermoelectric modules. In asset to the improvement of the thermoelectric material and module, the system analysis of a thermoelectric refrigerator is equally important in designing a high-performance thermoelectric refrigerator. (Huang, 2000)The soup up shuffle generated in the processor fight is rising day by day at a very fast rate with education because of reduction in CPU sizes and large amount of heat load generated at the chip. Consequently, it is becoming a challenging task for researchers to handle such(prenominal)(prenominal) broad amounts of heat flux es.Moores had proved that number of transistors on a integrated circuit is increasing exponentially year after year .So heat load in the CPU also change magnitudes at the same rate with the increase in the speed more over the size of the chip today which we normally talk about is of the order of mm which is in turn making problem more complicated. The high heat generation inside the CPU may result in slowing down the computation speed, failure of the processor chip, gate oxide breakdown, effect on screen resolution and many more electrical failures as tumesce as mechanically skillful failures (Davis, 2005)Presently in CPU very complicated designs of publicise cooled heat unloads are used which dissipates heat to the surroundings by streamlined large volumes of channelise. These heat sinks give up two major shortcomings.Due to space constrains air should be thrown at very high velocities and to maintain such velocities big size fan has to be used.Also, the air flowing at hig h velocities creates a lot of noise.Moreover, in air cooled units at that place is no quick cool device so we cant go below the ambient temperature. As a result working at high speeds in the hot ambient conditions had get down extremely difficult.Chip engine cooling system is one of the bottlenecks in the high density electronics. There is need of or so better cooling techniques for the same. So, at once a day researchers are working a lot on liquid cooled systems, because they imbibe nearly 10 times (Davis, 2005) the heat transfer coefficient than that of air cooled ones. In weewee based liquid cooling systems, the heat is pumped to water block by roughly cooling device from which water takes out the heat to finally throw it in the surroundings . The most commonly used device to pump heat to water block in such system is researcher (Thermoelectric coolers). TEC consumes their own power and cool down the chip by extracting the heat from it and transferring it to the water block. Water runs inside the channel in the water block and takes away the heat from it. The hot water is further cooled in the condenser. With the help of Thermoelectric water cooling system the chip temperature can be easily make to go below ambient temperature which is not possible by the existing systems, and thus the CPU can be made to operate at high speeds and higher loads in even hot ambient conditions. Thus TEC fuddle potential opportunities for chip cooling and can prove very effective if a proper system is developed for the same.1.2 Problem statementChip cooling is one of the bottlenecks in high density electronics. An enormous amount of heat flux is generated by the modern processor chip. Nowadays many complicated designs of air cooled heat sinks are used, and off late the heat fluxes have attained such a level that to handle them very large volume flow rate of air is required. So due to space constraint, in order to achieve large flow rates, air should be blown at ve ry high velocities which in turn result in increased levels of noise. Another major disadvantage of air cooling is that we cant go below ambient temperature and as a consequence, tendency of chip failure in the computers working in ambient condition of about 35C 45C increases a lot.For all these reasons it has become apparent that the heat fluxes have reached such a level that air cooling cant handle them efficiently. Thus the present scenario necessitates the use of alert cooling devices. Thermoelectric coolers having the ability to cool below ambient and having advantage of being compact, light weight, free of moving parts and precise temperature control have high potentials for chip cooling.It is receiptn that the temperature of the thermoelectric module is the main criterion for its reliability and performance. The temperature rise of the hot side preceding(prenominal) ambient is dependent on the thermal rampart of the path that the heat sink. Reducing the thermal resistanc e of the heat sink contributes to the reduction of the thermal resistance of the path and hence an increase in the performance. So a liquid heat exchanger with spiral flow passage having dimples is used. Dimples result in effective heat transfer by creating turbulence and thus enhancing the performance of the system.1.3 Research ObjectivesUnderstanding the basics of Thermoelectric coolers, working of Thermoelectric Cooling Systems and parameters that governs the performance of such systemsDesign, fabrication and development of an efficient thermoelectric cooling system for computer chipsCarrying out experimentation and analysis of the performance of the developed system1.4 Methodology1.5 Work PlanThese are some(prenominal) of the important tasks that would be performed during this researchUnderstanding the basic concepts of thermoelectric coolingStudy of the existing CPU cooling techniquesLiterature review regarding the topic and guinea pig about the effect due dimples along the f low of waterDeciding the various parameters for which system has to be designedDeciding about the thermoelectric module which will produce the desired cooling effectDesign of the experimental set up and identification of the various equipments to be requiredMarket fall out for all the required equipmentsProcurement of the equipmentsDesign and fabrication of the dimpled water blockDesign and fabrication of the heat exchangerPreparation of the experimental set upCarrying out experiments and obtaining the resultsAnalysis of resultsChecking out the performance of the thermoelectric module usedComparison of the designed water block with some commercially existing water blockDiscussions and conclusionReport writing1.6 Expected OutcomesAn understanding of the application of thermoelectric cooling systems would be developed. Important advantages of the thermoelectric cooling systems in real scenario of high density electronics would be presented. The complete thermoelectric cooling unit f or CPU chip would be designed, fabricated and tested for the desired loadsChapter 2LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 The History of ThermoelectricsIn 1821, Thomas Seebeck discovered that a continuously flowing occurrent is created when two wires of different materials are joined unneurotic and heated at one end. This idea is known as the Seebeck Effect (Figure 1.1). The Seebeck effect has two main applications including temperature measurement and power generation. (Global Techno Scan, nd)Figure 1.1 Seebeck EffectS= dV / dTS is the Seebeck Coefficient with units of Volts/KS is positive when the direction of electric current is same as the direction of thermal currentIn 1834, a French watchmaker and part time physicist, Jean Peltier found that an electrical current would produce a temperature gradient at the junction of two dissimilar metals. This effect is known as the Peltier Effect. This idea forms the basis for the thermoelectric refrigerator (Global Techno Scan, nd)Figure 1.2 Negative Pelt ier effecta) For When current is allowed to pass through n-type semiconductor shown in above circuit, high nil electrons move from by rights to left resulting in cooling of far end. Thermal current and electric current flow in polar directions (Global Techno Scan, nd)Figure 1.3 Positive Peltier effectb) For 0 Positive Peltier coefficientWhen current is allowed to pass through p-type semiconductor shown in above circuit, high efficacy holes move from left to right resulting in heating of far end. Thermal current and electric current flow in same direction (Global Techno Scan, nd)q=*j, where q is thermal current density (Heat flux) and j is electrical current density.Also, = S*T (Volts) Peltier coefficientWhere, T is the Absolute TemperatureScottish scientist William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) discovered in 1854 that if a temperature difference exists between any two points of a current carrying conductor, heat is either evolved or absorbed depending upon the material. If such a circuit absorbs heat, then heat may be evolved if the direction of the current or of the temperature gradient is reversed.2.2 Thermoelectric RefrigerationA thermoelectric device is one that operates on a circuit that incorporates both thermal and electrical do to convert heat energy into electrical energy or electrical energy to a temperature gradient. Thermoelectric elements perform the same cooling function as Freon -based vapor compression or absorption refrigerators. Energy is taken from a region thereby reducing its temperature. The energy is than rejected to a heat sink region with a higher temperature. Thermoelectric elements are in a totally solid state, while vapor cycle devices have moving mechanical parts that require a working fluid (Tellurex, nd)Thermoelectric modules are small, sturdy, quiet heat pumps operated by a DC power source. They usually resist about 200,000 hours in heating mode or about 20 years if left on cooling mode. When power is supplied, the surfac e where heat energy is absorbed becomes unwarmed the opposite surface where heat energy is released becomes hot. If the polarity of current flow through the module is reversed, the cold side will become the hot side and vice-versa. Thermoelectric modules can also be used as thermocouples for temperature measurement or as generators to supply power to spacecrafts and electrical equipment. (Tellurex, nd)Thermoelectric devices can also be used as refrigerators on the bases of the Peltier effect. To create a thermoelectric refrigerator, heat is absorbed from a refrigerated space and than rejected to a warmer environment. The difference between these two quantities is the net electrical work that needs to be supplied. These refrigerators are not overly popular because they have a low coefficient of performance. The coefficient of performance for thermoelectric refrigerators can be calculated by dividing the cooling effect by the work input. (Tellurex, nd)2.3 SemiconductorsThe semiconduc tor materials are N and P type, and are so named because either they have more electrons than necessary to complete a perfect molecular lattice structure (N-type) or not enough electrons to complete a lattice structure (P-type). The extra electrons in the N-type material and the holes left in the P-type material are called carriers and they are the agents that move the heat energy from the cold to the hot junction. Heat absorbed at the cold junction is pumped to the hot junction at a rate proportional to carrier current passing through the circuit and the number of couples. Good thermoelectric semiconductor materials such as bismuth telluride greatly impede customary heat conduction from hot to cold areas, yet provide an easy flow for the carriers. In addition, these materials have carriers with a capacity for transferring more heat. Since semiconductors were found to have large Seebeck coefficients, good electrical conductivities, and poor thermal conductivities, one has made a br eakthrough in the use of the Peltier-effect in thermoelectric devices to produce refrigeration. Currently, thermoelectric refrigerators, made of semiconductor, materials, have many interesting applications because of their small size, simplicity, quietness and reliability.2.4 Basic Working Principle of Thermoelectric CoolersThermoelectric coolers are semiconductor devices which works on the principle of Peltier effect (Haung, 2005) i.e. when a current is passed between the junctions of two dissimilar materials then a temperature difference is created between the two junctions. In thermoelectric coolers we have a P type and an N type semiconductor connected together when we pass the current, at the cold junction electrons travel from P side to N side as P type being at lower energy level and N type at higher energy level. So when electron travels it absorbs energy at the cold side. Similarly at the hot side electron travels from N side to P side thereby releasing the energy. And in t his way a temperature gradient is established between hot side and cold side (Haung, 2005)2.5 Advantages of Thermoelectric CoolersThermoelectric coolers have some unique advantages over other cooling systems. The various advantages are (Chien, 2004)Ideal for localized cooling due to small sizeHighly controllable cooling powerConvenient power supplyPrecise temperature controlSub-ambient cooling capacitySpot coolingCompact, Quite, and free of moving partsLow maintenance2.6 A typical thermoelectric cooling systemFig. 1 shows working of a thermoelectric system. The heating and cooling functions of the thermoelectric system can be interchanged by reversing the polarity of the direct current applied to it. Capacity control in a thermoelectric system can be achieved by change the electromotive force applied to the couples either by a variable voltage control or by switching series and parallel circuits. As the voltage drops, the temperature difference between the hot and cold side is red uced. (Chien, 2004)On the cold side of the module we have the heat source from which heat is to be outback(a) and on the hot side we have a heat sink which finally throws the heat into the ambient. Design of the heat sink is an important parameter for up(a) the performance of the thermoelectric module. For many applications, the advantages of TEC outweigh its main disadvantage of low coefficient of performance. (Chien, 2004)Figure 2.1 Thermoelectric cooler (Chien, 2004)2.7 Thermal Parameters Governing Performance of TECThe selection of a thermoelectric for a particular application is mainly dependent on the three important parameters. These are temperature of the hot surface (Th), the temperature of the cold surface (Tc) and the amount of heat to be extracted at the cold side of the module (Qc) (Haung, 2005).The heat sink is attached at the hot side of the module where the heat gets released when the DC power is applied to the module. The hot side temperature of the module while u sing a air cooled heat sink whether natural or forced convection, can be found out using below equations (Haung, 2005)Th = Tamb + Rth(Qh) (1.1)Qh = Qc + Qp (1.2)The temperatures rise above ambient, of the hot side, takes place because of the thermal resistance of the heat. If we know the thermal resistance of the heat sink then the general estimates of the rise in temperature above ambient are as stated below (Haung, 2005)20C to 40C in case of Natural Convection10C to 15C in case of Forced Convection2C to 5C in case of Liquid Cooling (In this case is the rise above the liquid coolant temperature)The performance coefficient for a thermoelectric cooling system can be calculated with the help of the following equation2.8 Application of thermoelectric coolingTEC (Thermoelectric Cooler) is different from conventional compression refrigeration there are no moving parts. Since there are no moving parts, there is nothing to wear out and nothing is generating noise. There is no refrigerant t o contain so the problem of handling a two-phase change over is simplified. Pressure tight tubing is replaced by electrical wiring. There is no ozone class hazard (Melcor, nd). Thermoelectric coolers offer the potential to enhance the cooling of electronic module packages to reduce chip operating temperatures or to allow higher module powers. Thermoelectric coolers also offer the advantages of being compact, reliable, and their degree of cooling may be controlled by the current supplied. Unfortunately, compared to vapor-compression refrigeration, they are limited in the heat flux that they can accommodate and exhibit a lower coefficient of performance (COP). These two limitations have generally limited thermoelectrics to niche.The thermoelectric coolers are used in the electronics of the travel missile, critical equipment on aircraft, critical camera components in a pod aircraft navigation system and many military applications. Thermoelectric coolers provide compact heat exchanger s that are not attitude-sensitive and do not contain excessive tubing and fittings that can be susceptible to vibration2.9 Previous Work done at International levelTill today air coolers are meeting the needs of CPU cooling, with the increased size of heat sinks and an increase in fan speed. The typical resistance of air coolers with high fan speeds is 0.2C/W (Bar Cohen, 2000). But with further increase in the heat flux, air cooling techniques seems to be diminishing because of the limitations already mentioned. The next best solution to the problem is the use of liquid cooling techniques as the liquids have relatively very high convective heat transfer coefficients then air and thus minimizing the thermal resistance. The liquid cooling systems involves water block for efficient heat transfer to the liquid.Experiments have been carried out by mounting water blocks directly over the CPU chip and they have shown to be very efficient then the air cooled techniques. With the use of dire ct water-cooling techniques the chip temperature can be kept at 30C for an ambient condition of 25C with a CPU load of 60W whereas with air cooling it goes to 45C (Bar Cohen, 2000).But with the development of thermoelectric coolers it had made possible to take the chip temperature even below ambient. Thermoelectric Coolers have unique advantages over other cooling devicesChein and Huang (2004) studied usage of thermoelectric cooler for electronic cooling. The cooling capacity, junction temperature, coefficient of performance (COP) of TEC and the required heat sink resistance at the hot side were computed. They found that the cooling capacity could be increased as Tc is increased and T is reduced. The maximum cooling capacity and chip junction temperature obtained were 207 W and 88C, respectively. The required heat sink resistance on TEC hot side was found to be .054C/W. A micro channel heat sink ( with size of 55mm x 55mm with channel width of 0.3 mm) using water or air as coolant was also demonstrated to meet the low thermal heat sink resistance requirement for TEC operated at maximum cooling capacity conditions.Huang et al in 2005 studied the distribution of temperature for a thermoelectric cooler under the effects of Joule heating, Fourier Heat conduction, Thomson effect and convection and radiation heat transfer. They tried to enalyze and explore some of the important things like Thomson effects influence on the distribution of temperature, on the amount of heat that flows back to the cold side, the maximum temperature difference attained and the maximum amount of heat extracted etc. They finally concluded that other than improving the thermoelectric materials for increasing the cooling efficiency of the module the other possible way is to take the advantage of Thomson effect this also helps in improving the cooling efficiency.Researches are already going on for incorporating thermoelectric water cooling systems for the CPU. The strike factor in using su ch kind of systems is to have highly efficient water blocks with low thermal resistances and to have thermoelectric modules with proper Qmax. Many complicated water block design exist in the present market. The typical thermal resistances of the water blocks used presently for such systems are 0.08C/W (Bar Cohen, 2000).